Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3.0 TB - A Level Biology (Chapters 1-13) > 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4: Carbs + biological molecules > Flashcards

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4: Carbs + biological molecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molecule

A

Consists of atoms, joined by bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Covalent bonds

A

electrons shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ionic bonds

A

electrons transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intermolecular bonds

A

hydrogen + (F/O/N - all negavtive that H bonds with)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Polymerisation

A

Process where monomers join to form a polymer

covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Add water and an enzyme to hydrolyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carbohydrates

A

A group of substances used as both energy sources and structural materials in organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which elements in all carbohydrates

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Monosaccharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disaccharides

A

sucrose, maltose, lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Maltose made from

A

2 x alpha glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sucrose made from

A

alpha glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lactose made from

A

alpha glucose and galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hexose sugar

A

6 carbons atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isomers

A

Monomers with the same chemical formulas but a different structure eg) alpha and beta glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reducing sugars

A

glucose (alpha and beta), fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Non - reducing sugar

A

sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reducing sugars in terms of electrons

A

reduction = gain of electrons, donating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non - reducing sugars in terms of electrons

A

can’t donate electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

Polymers of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds which are formed by condensation reactions

22
Q

What are disaccharides

A

2 monosaccharides formed by a condensation reaction

23
Q

Main polysaccharides

A

plants: starch, cellulose
animals: glycogen

24
Q

Starch has 2 different structural units

A

amylose, amylopectin

25
Q

Starch stored as

A

Intercellular grains in organelles called plastids

26
Q

Starch made from

A

glucose during photosynthesis

27
Q

Starch broken down

A

during respiration > energy

28
Q

Glycogen found in

A

the cytoplasm of animal cells

29
Q

Glycogen is a

A

storage carbohydrate

30
Q

Differences between starch and glycogen

A

glycogen has more branches

31
Q

Glycogen stored where

A

in large amounts in the liver and muscle cells

32
Q

Cellulose

A

A polysaccharide which is the most abundant organic polymer and is the main part of cell walls

33
Q

Cellulose characteristic

A

very strong so prevents cells from bursting from osmotic gain

34
Q

Cellulose structural feature

A

made up of long, straight chains of beta glucose
chains joined by hydogen bonds (weak)
= microfibrils

35
Q

Cell wall can function as a

A

a carbohydrate store

36
Q

Amylopectin chains

A

highly branched chains
side branches
glucose released quickly

37
Q

Amylose chains

A

unbranched chains
coiled structure
compact
good storage

38
Q

Test for reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s test

39
Q

Benedict’s solution colour change

A

blue > brick red

40
Q

Iodine test

A

orange > blue/black

41
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine test

42
Q

Polymers

A

Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together

43
Q

Monomers

A

Small, basic molecular units

44
Q

Elements in all carbohydrates

A

C,H,O

45
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Two molecules join together by the formation of a new chemical bond and a water molecule is released when the bond is formed

46
Q

Bond between 2 monosaccharides formed

A

glycosidic bond

47
Q

Main energy storage material in plants

A

starch

48
Q

Main energy storage material in animals

A

glycogen

49
Q

How is glycogen’s structure helpful

A

loads of side branches
stored glucose can be released quickly
very compact
good for storage

50
Q

Cellulose provides

due to

A

structural support

micro fibrils

3.0 TB - A Level Biology (Chapters 1-13) (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions