13.2: Energy transfer and productivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic compounds

A

Chemical compounds in which 1 or more carbon atoms are covalently linked to atoms of other elements
usually H,O or N

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2
Q

Where do plants synthesis organic compounds from?

A

The atmosphere or aquatically

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3
Q

Respiratory substrate

A

A molecule from which energy can be released to produce ATP

eg: glucose, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

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4
Q

Most of the sugars synthesised by plants are

A

respiratory substrates

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5
Q

Energy source for ecosystems

A

sunlight

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6
Q

Gross primary production

A

GPP

The total quantity of the chemical energy store in plant biomass in a given area/volume in a given time

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7
Q

Net primary production

A

NPP

The energy left over after some of GPP is used in respiration

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8
Q

Respiratory losses

A

R

The energy lost from GPP through respiration

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9
Q

Consumer production equation

A

N = I - (F+R)

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10
Q

Why do most food chains have 4-5 trophic levels

A

Energy transfer between the trophic levels is low so there is insufficient energy to support more

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11
Q

Biomass quantity up the trophic levels…

A

decreases

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12
Q

Key elements of factory farming

A

restricted movement
environment is kept warm
feeding controlled
predators excluded

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13
Q

Pesticides

A

Chemicals that kill pests

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14
Q

DDT pesticide

A

persistent pesticide which can help fight the spread of malaria but overuse can lead to bio accumulation which harms organisms at the top of the food chain

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15
Q

Why is widespread use of insecticides regulated

A

may cause many problems

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16
Q

Productivity

A

Measurement of biomass in a given area or volume in a given time

17
Q

Primary productivity

A

Rate of primary production by green plants

18
Q

Secondary productivity

A

Rate of secondary production by consumers

19
Q

Do herbivores or carnivores have a lower secondary productivity?
why?

A

herbivores
as plant material has a high cellulose content
hard to digest
energy lost in excretion

20
Q

NPP equation

A

NPP = GPP - R

21
Q

Secondary production

A

consumer production

production of new biomass by consumers

22
Q

How is energy lost by consumer production

2

A

respiration

excretion