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3.0 TB - A Level Biology (Chapters 1-13) > 2.1: DNA and RNA > Flashcards

2.1: DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA and RNA are both types of

A

nucleic acid

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2
Q

Where are DNA and RNA found

A

in all living cells

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3
Q

Basic function of DNA and RNA

A

carry information

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4
Q

DNA

stands for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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5
Q

DNA

A

Is used to store genetic information

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6
Q

RNA

stands for

A

Ribonucleic acid

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7
Q

RNA

A

One of its main functions is to transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

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8
Q

DNA and RNA are polymers of

A

nucleotide

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9
Q

Nucleotide

A

A type of biological molecule

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10
Q

Nucleotide made from

A

Pentose sugar (5 carbons)
nitrogen containing organic base
a phosphate group

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11
Q

Nucleotides are

A

monomers

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12
Q

Pentose sugar in a DNA nucleotide is

A

deoxyribose

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13
Q

4 bases in DNA

A 
A,T,G,C
adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine
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14
Q

Differences/ similarities between DNA nucleotides

A

same sugar group
same phosphate group
base can vary

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15
Q

Sugar in RNA

A

ribose sugar

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16
Q

RNA bases

4

A 
A,U,C,G
adenine
uracil
guanine
cytosine
17
Q

Polynucleotide

A

Polymer of nucleotides

18
Q

Formation of polynucleotides

A

condensation reaction

between phosphate group and sugar group of 2 nucleotides

19
Q

Bond in polynucelotides

A

phosphodiester bond

20
Q

Phosphodiester bond made up of

A

a phosphate group

2 ester bonds

21
Q

Chain of sugars and phosphates

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

22
Q

DNA structure

A

2 polynucleotide chains in a double helix

23
Q

Bonding in DNA

A

hydrogen bonds between bases

24
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

each base can only join with one particular partner

25
Q

Base pairing in DNA

A

A + T

C + G

26
Q

Amount of hydrogen bonds between base pairs

A 
A,T = 2
C,G = 3
27
Q

Double helix formed by

A

2 anti parallel (running in opposite directions) polynucleotide strands twist = double helix

28
Q

Who discovered double helix structure of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

29
Q

RNA structure

A

Relatively short polynucleotide chain

3.0 TB - A Level Biology (Chapters 1-13) (50 decks)

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