9: Muscle Organization

Question 1

What are the 6 types of arrangements of fascicles?

Answer 1

1. Parallel
2. Circular
3. Convergent
4. Unipennate
5. Bipennate
6. Multipennate

Question 2

What are the 6 classifications used to name muscles?

Answer 2

1. Action
2. Body region
3. Attachments
4. Orientation
5. Shape/size
6. Number of heads

Question 3

What is the difference between the origin and instertion?

Answer 3

Origin is less movable
Insertion is more movable

Question 4

What are the 4 roles of muscles during movement?

Answer 4

1. Agonist
2. Antagonist
3. Synergist
4. Fixator

Question 5

What does the agonist do?

Answer 5

Agonist is the primary mover

Question 6

What does the antagonist do?

Answer 6

Opposite of the agonist

Question 7

What does the synergist do?

Answer 7

Helps to perform the function of the agonist

Question 8

What does the fixator do?

Answer 8

Fixate the joint proximal to the joint of agonist action (Like the deltoid if the elbow joint is moved by the agonist)

Question 9

Is raising your arms flexing or extending your shoulder?

Answer 9

Flexion

Question 10

What is the name of the movement that pushes your fingers against each other?

Answer 10

Opposition

Question 11

What is the name of the movement that moves the jaw anteriorly?

Answer 11

Protraction

Question 12

What is the name of the movement that moves the jaw posteriorly?

Answer 12

Retraction

Question 13

What muscle is composed of frontalis, occipitalis, and galea aponeurotica?

Answer 13

Epicranius

Question 14

What is the name of the muscle superior to the orbicularis oculi, forming part of the eyebrow?

Answer 14

Corrugator supercilii

Question 15

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 15

1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Medial pterygoid
4. Lateral pterygoid

Question 16

What are the 3 insertions of the triceps brachii?

Answer 16

1. Infraglenoid tubercle
   2/3. Posterior shaft of the humerus

Gotcha there’s only 2

Question 17

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 17

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus

Question 18

What muscles of the rotator cuff rotate the humerus laterally?

Answer 18

Infraspinatus and teres minor

Question 19

What muscle of the rotator cuff abducts the humerus?

Answer 19

Supraspinatus

Question 20

What muscle of the rotator cuff rotates the humerus medially?

Answer 20

Subscapularis

Question 21

What two muscles are shoulder adductors/flexors?

Answer 21

Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis major

Question 22

What two muscles are shoulder adductors/extensors?

Answer 22

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

Question 23

What muscle is a shoulder abductor and can flex/extend the shoulder?

Answer 23

Deltoid

Question 24

What muscles are the knee extensors? Where do they all insert?

Answer 24

QUADS!

Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris

They all insert at the tibial tuberosity

Question 25

What muscles are the knee flexors? Where do they originate?

Answer 25

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

They all originate at the ischial tuberosity

Question 26

What muscles are hip adductors?

Answer 26

Pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis

Question 27

What is the origin and insertion of the gracilis?

Answer 27

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: Proximal part of medial surface of tibia

Question 28

What are the hip abductor muscles?

Answer 28

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

Question 29

What muscle are the hip flexors?

Answer 29

Iliopsoas
Psoas major
Iliacus
Rectus femoris

Question 30

What muscles are the hip extensors?

Answer 30

Gluteus maximus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (long head)