5: Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
What kind of tissue is cartilage and bone?
Supporting connective tissue
What is a chondroblast?
Cell that produces cartilage matrix
What is a chondrocyte?
Mature cartilage cell that resides in lacunae
What is the cartilaginous extracellular matrix?
Protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance
What is the perichondrium?
Dense irregular connective tissue that is a “glove” to cartilage
What kind of cartilage is the larynx?
Hyaline
What kind of cartilage is the trachea?
Hyaline
What kind of cartilage are bronchi?
Hyaline
What kind of cartilage is costal cartilage?
Hyaline
What kind of cartilage is the nose?
Hyaline
What kind of cartilage is articular cartilage?
Hyaline
What type of cartilage is the epiphyseal plate?
Hyaline
What type of cartilage is the fetal skeleton?
Hyaline
What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs?
Fibrocartilage
What kind of cartilage is the pubic symphysis?
Fibrocartilage
What kind of cartilage is the meniscus?
Fibrocartilage
What kind of cartilage is the articular disc of the jaw?
Fibrocartilage
What kind of cartilage is the epiglottis?
Elastic
What kind of cartilage is the external ear?
Elastic
What are the two components of bone matrix?
Organic component
Inorganic component
What part of the bone matrix is flexible/inflexible?
Organic=flexible
Inorganic=inflexible
What is the organic component of the bone matrix called and composed of?
It is called the osteoid and is composed of collagen and other proteins
What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix called and composed of?
It is called hydroxyapatite and is composed of calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
What function does red bone marrow serve that yellow marrow does not?
Hematopoiesis
What kind of tissue is yellow bone marrow?
Adipose
Why do adults have more yellow marrow than children?
Yellow marrow is long-term mineral and energy storage. Kids need red marrow to make more blood as they grow
What kind of bone is the humerus?
Long bone
What kind of bone is the radius?
Long bone
What kind of bone is the ulna?
Long bone
What kind of bone are the metacarpals?
Long bones
What kind of bone are the phalanges?
Long bone
What kind of bone is the femur?
Long bone
What kind of bone is the tibia?
Long bone
What kind of bone is the fibula?
Long bone
What kind of bone are the metatarsals?
Long bone
What kind of bone are the carpals?
Short bone
What kind of bone are the tarsals?
Short bone
What kind of bone is the skull?
Flat bone?
What kind of bone is the scapula?
Flat bone
What kind of bone is the sternum?
Flat bone
What kind of bone are the ribs?
Flat bones
What kind of bone are the vertebrae?
Irregular
What kind of bone is the sacrum?
Irregular
What kind of bone is the coccyx?
Irregular
What kind of bone is the os coxa?
Irregular
What kind of bone is the ethmoid bone?
Irregular
What kind of bone is the sphenoid bone?
Irregular
What kind of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid
What kind of bones are found in the tendons associated with feet and hands?
Sesamoid
What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line?
Plate=still growing
Line=mature
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
The shaft
What is the metaphysis of a long bone?
The region between the shaft and the epiphysis
What is the epiphysis of a bone?
The end
What is the apophysis of a long bone?
Outgrowth that attaches ligaments/tendons. Ex. trochanter
What does the medullary cavity contain in adults and children?
Yellow marrow in adults, red marrow in children
What is the name for compact bone?
Cortical bone
What is the name of spongey bone?
Cancellous bone
Where is the endosteum?
Lining the spongey bone and medullary cavity
What kind of tissue is the periosteum?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What are the 3 stages of a bone cell growing?
- Osteogenic cell
- Osteoblast
- Osteocyte
What cell creates osteoid?
Osteoblast
When does an osteoblast become and osteocyte?
When the bone is mineralized and the cell is stuck in place
What is the role of an osteocyte?
Maintain bone tissue and signal to other cells
What is an osteon?
The columnar building block of compact bone
What are the lamallae?
The rings that form an osteon
What is the difference between a central canal and a perforating canal?
Central canal runs through center of the osteon. Perforating canal runs run’s perpendicular to osteon.
What is the “bed” of an osteocyte called?
Lacunae
What is the canal that connects lacunae called?
Canaliculi
What is the trabeculae?
The building block of spongey bone
Why doesn’t a trabecula have central blood vessels like an osteon?
It is surrounded by blood vessels
What cells are responsible for trabecular remodeling?
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Why do trabeculae undergo remodeling?
In response to lines of stress from movement
What part of the fetal skeleton develops in an intramembranous fashion?
Head & clavicle
What form the periosteum?
Messenchyme
What process turns fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bone?
Endochondral ossification
What does bone replace and not replace in endochondral ossification?
Bone replaces cartilage, except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
What is the name for bone growth the loooooong way? Where does it happen?
Interstitial growth
Occurs at epiphyseal plates
What is the name for bone growth the wiiiiiide way? Where does it occur?
Appositional growth
Occurs at the periosteum and endosteum
What is the mechanism and cause of osteomalacia? What is it called in children?
Lack of mineralization of bone results in low bone density
Caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency
Called rickets in children. Presents soft and weak bones & bowed legs
What is osteoporosis? Who does it usually occur to?
Excessive bone resorption
Aged/post-menopausal are most subject to this
