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Anatomy > 5: Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

5: Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is cartilage and bone?

A

Supporting connective tissue

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2
Q

What is a chondroblast?

A

Cell that produces cartilage matrix

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3
Q

What is a chondrocyte?

A

Mature cartilage cell that resides in lacunae

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4
Q

What is the cartilaginous extracellular matrix?

A

Protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance

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5
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue that is a “glove” to cartilage

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6
Q

What kind of cartilage is the larynx?

A

Hyaline

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7
Q

What kind of cartilage is the trachea?

A

Hyaline

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8
Q

What kind of cartilage are bronchi?

A

Hyaline

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9
Q

What kind of cartilage is costal cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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10
Q

What kind of cartilage is the nose?

A

Hyaline

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11
Q

What kind of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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12
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiphyseal plate?

A

Hyaline

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13
Q

What type of cartilage is the fetal skeleton?

A

Hyaline

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14
Q

What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What kind of cartilage is the pubic symphysis?

A

Fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What kind of cartilage is the meniscus?

A

Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What kind of cartilage is the articular disc of the jaw?

A

Fibrocartilage

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18
Q

What kind of cartilage is the epiglottis?

A

Elastic

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19
Q

What kind of cartilage is the external ear?

A

Elastic

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20
Q

What are the two components of bone matrix?

A

Organic component
Inorganic component

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21
Q

What part of the bone matrix is flexible/inflexible?

A

Organic=flexible
Inorganic=inflexible

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22
Q

What is the organic component of the bone matrix called and composed of?

A

It is called the osteoid and is composed of collagen and other proteins

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23
Q

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix called and composed of?

A

It is called hydroxyapatite and is composed of calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

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24
Q

What function does red bone marrow serve that yellow marrow does not?

A

Hematopoiesis

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25
Q

What kind of tissue is yellow bone marrow?

A

Adipose

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26
Q

Why do adults have more yellow marrow than children?

A

Yellow marrow is long-term mineral and energy storage. Kids need red marrow to make more blood as they grow

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27
Q

What kind of bone is the humerus?

A

Long bone

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28
Q

What kind of bone is the radius?

A

Long bone

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29
Q

What kind of bone is the ulna?

A

Long bone

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30
Q

What kind of bone are the metacarpals?

A

Long bones

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31
Q

What kind of bone are the phalanges?

A

Long bone

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32
Q

What kind of bone is the femur?

A

Long bone

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33
Q

What kind of bone is the tibia?

A

Long bone

34
Q

What kind of bone is the fibula?

A

Long bone

35
Q

What kind of bone are the metatarsals?

A

Long bone

36
Q

What kind of bone are the carpals?

A

Short bone

37
Q

What kind of bone are the tarsals?

A

Short bone

38
Q

What kind of bone is the skull?

A

Flat bone?

39
Q

What kind of bone is the scapula?

A

Flat bone

40
Q

What kind of bone is the sternum?

A

Flat bone

41
Q

What kind of bone are the ribs?

A

Flat bones

42
Q

What kind of bone are the vertebrae?

A

Irregular

43
Q

What kind of bone is the sacrum?

A

Irregular

44
Q

What kind of bone is the coccyx?

A

Irregular

45
Q

What kind of bone is the os coxa?

A

Irregular

46
Q

What kind of bone is the ethmoid bone?

A

Irregular

47
Q

What kind of bone is the sphenoid bone?

A

Irregular

48
Q

What kind of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

49
Q

What kind of bones are found in the tendons associated with feet and hands?

A

Sesamoid

50
Q

What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line?

A

Plate=still growing
Line=mature

51
Q

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

A

The shaft

52
Q

What is the metaphysis of a long bone?

A

The region between the shaft and the epiphysis

53
Q

What is the epiphysis of a bone?

A

The end

54
Q

What is the apophysis of a long bone?

A

Outgrowth that attaches ligaments/tendons. Ex. trochanter

55
Q

What does the medullary cavity contain in adults and children?

A

Yellow marrow in adults, red marrow in children

56
Q

What is the name for compact bone?

A

Cortical bone

57
Q

What is the name of spongey bone?

A

Cancellous bone

58
Q

Where is the endosteum?

A

Lining the spongey bone and medullary cavity

59
Q

What kind of tissue is the periosteum?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

60
Q

What are the 3 stages of a bone cell growing?

A
  1. Osteogenic cell
  2. Osteoblast
  3. Osteocyte
61
Q

What cell creates osteoid?

A

Osteoblast

62
Q

When does an osteoblast become and osteocyte?

A

When the bone is mineralized and the cell is stuck in place

63
Q

What is the role of an osteocyte?

A

Maintain bone tissue and signal to other cells

64
Q

What is an osteon?

A

The columnar building block of compact bone

65
Q

What are the lamallae?

A

The rings that form an osteon

66
Q

What is the difference between a central canal and a perforating canal?

A

Central canal runs through center of the osteon. Perforating canal runs run’s perpendicular to osteon.

67
Q

What is the “bed” of an osteocyte called?

A

Lacunae

68
Q

What is the canal that connects lacunae called?

A

Canaliculi

69
Q

What is the trabeculae?

A

The building block of spongey bone

70
Q

Why doesn’t a trabecula have central blood vessels like an osteon?

A

It is surrounded by blood vessels

71
Q

What cells are responsible for trabecular remodeling?

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

72
Q

Why do trabeculae undergo remodeling?

A

In response to lines of stress from movement

73
Q

What part of the fetal skeleton develops in an intramembranous fashion?

A

Head & clavicle

74
Q

What form the periosteum?

A

Messenchyme

75
Q

What process turns fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bone?

A

Endochondral ossification

76
Q

What does bone replace and not replace in endochondral ossification?

A

Bone replaces cartilage, except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates

77
Q

What is the name for bone growth the loooooong way? Where does it happen?

A

Interstitial growth

Occurs at epiphyseal plates

78
Q

What is the name for bone growth the wiiiiiide way? Where does it occur?

A

Appositional growth

Occurs at the periosteum and endosteum

79
Q

What is the mechanism and cause of osteomalacia? What is it called in children?

A

Lack of mineralization of bone results in low bone density

Caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency

Called rickets in children. Presents soft and weak bones & bowed legs

80
Q

What is osteoporosis? Who does it usually occur to?

A

Excessive bone resorption

Aged/post-menopausal are most subject to this

Anatomy (7 decks)

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