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Anatomy > 11: CNS > Flashcards

11: CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue are the meninges?

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges from superficial to deep?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

What is the space between to arachnoid mater and pia mater called? What is it filled with?

A

Subarachnoid space
Filled with CSF

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4
Q

What are the 3 functions of CSF?

A

Buoyancy
Protection (Cushion)
Environmental stability

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5
Q

Where is the CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus
Eppendymal cells

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6
Q

What is the name of the structure that acts as a one-way passage for blood and CSF from the subarachnoid space back to the heart (through the superior sagittal sinus)?

A

Arachnoid granulation or arachnoid villi

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7
Q

What is the name of the infoldings of the dura?

A

Dural septa

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8
Q

What condition results from excessive CSF? What causes it?

A

Hydrocephalus

Obstruction of CSF flow
Overproduction of CSF
Impaired drainage of CSF

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9
Q

What is the location of conscious thought processes and complex intellectual functions?

A

Cerebrum

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10
Q

What lobe is responsible for decision making, personality, verbal communication, and voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles?

A

Frontal lobe

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11
Q

What lobe is responsible for sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, and understanding speech?

A

Parietal lobe

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12
Q

What lobe is responsible for the auditory and olfactory experiences?

A

Temporal lobe

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13
Q

What lobe is responsible for vision?

A

Occipital lobe

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14
Q

What lobe is responsible for taste?

A

Insula

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15
Q

What does homunculus mean?

A

Little person

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16
Q

What gyrus is also known as the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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17
Q

What gyrus is also known as the primary motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus

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18
Q

Is the cortex grey matter or white matter?

A

Grey matter

19
Q

What is another name for groups of axons in the CNS?

A

Tracts (or fasciculi but who would use that instead)

20
Q

What are the three classifications of axons within a tract?

A

Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Projection fibers

21
Q

What do association fibers do?

A

Connect gyrus to gyrus and lobe to lobe within the same hemisphere

22
Q

What do commissural fibers do?

A

Cross over the midline, connecting hemisphere to hemisphere

23
Q

What is the largest commissural fiber bundle in the brain?

A

Corpus callosum

24
Q

What do projection fibers do?

A

Connect different brain structures and regions to each other, like the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

25
Q

What do subcortical nuclei aid with?

A

Long-term memory formation
emotional responses
starting, stopping, and monitoring movement

26
Q

What is the one region of the brain that has the same name from birth to adulthood?

A

Diencephalon

27
Q

What is the diencephalon composed of?

A

Anything with “thalamus” in the name

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

28
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Acts as a relay station for sensory and motor information entering the cerebrum

29
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

B (Behavior)
E (Endocrine)
E (Emotion)
T (Temperature control)
S (Sleep/wake cycles)
H (Hunger/thirst)
A (Autonomic control)
M (Memory)

30
Q

What is the hypothalamus composed of?

A

Infundibulum
Pituitary gland

31
Q

What does the word cerebellum mean?

A

Little brain

32
Q

What is the cerebellar equivalent to a gyrus?

A

Folia

33
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Fine-tunes, smoothens, and coordinates muscle movements

Balance/equilibrium

34
Q

What three structures constitute the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

35
Q

What does the brainstem do?

A

Acts as a bidirectional passageway between cerebrum and spinal cord

Contains autonomic reflex centers essential for survival

Is a point of attachment for cranial nerves

36
Q

What is the medulla responsible for?

A

Cardiac center
Vasomotor center
Respiratory center
Reflexes (coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, etc.)

37
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

Involved in emotion, memory, and motivation

“Emotional Brain”

38
Q

What parts of the brain constitute the limbic system?

A

Fornix
Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala
Hippocampus

39
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves are there?

A

C1-8
T1-12
L1-5
S1-5
Co1

40
Q

The spinal cord has more prominent lateral horns when passing through which vertebrae?

A

Thoracic

41
Q

What do ascending pathways of the spinal cord transmit?

A

Sensory info

42
Q

What do descending tracts on the spinal cord transmit?

A

Motor info

43
Q
A

Anatomy (15 decks)

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