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Anatomy > 12: PNS & ANS > Flashcards

12: PNS & ANS Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve

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3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial nerve

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus nerve

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11
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory nerve

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12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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13
Q

What cranial nerve is the oculomotor nerve? What are its motor functions?

A

CN III

Extrinsic eye muscles (Superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique), constrict pupil

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14
Q

What cranial nerve is the trochlear nerve? What are its motor functions?

A

CN IV
Extrinsic eye muscle (Superior oblique)

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15
Q

What cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve? What are its sensory functions? What are its motor functions?

A

CN V

Sensory: Face, teeth, tongue

Motor: Muscles of mastication

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16
Q

What cranial nerve is the abducens? What are its motor functions?

A

CN VI
Extrinsic eye muscle (Lateral rectus)

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17
Q

What cranial nerve is the facial nerve? What are its sensory functions? What are its motor functions?

A

CN VII

Sensory: Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

Motor: Muscles of facial expression, secretion of saliva and tears

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18
Q

What cranial nerve is the vestibulocochlear nerve? What are its sensory functions?

A

CN VIII

Hearing and balance

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19
Q

What cranial nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve? What are its sensory functions? What are its motor functions?

A

CN IX

Sensory: Taste (Posterior 2/3 of tongue)

Motor: Swallowing and secretion of saliva

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20
Q

What cranial nerve is the vagus nerve? What are its sensory functions? What are its motor functions?

A

CN X

Sensory: Visceral sensation (thoracic and abdominal cavities)

Motor: Swallowing, control of respiratory system, heart and digestive system

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21
Q

What cranial nerve is the accessory nerve? What are its motor functions?

A

CN XI
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

22
Q

What cranial nerve is the hypoglossal nerve? What are its motor functions?

A

CN XII
Tongue muscles

23
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

24
Q

Where are cell bodies for the sensory nerves of the PNS found?

A

Posterior root ganglion

25
Q

What are the 4 principle plexuses?

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

26
Q

What spinal nerves are involved in the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

27
Q

What nerves are involved in the lumbar plexus? What does it innervate?

A

L1-L4
Innervates the anterior and medial thigh

28
Q

What nerves are involved in the sacral plexus? What does it innervate?

A

L4-S4
Innervates all of the lower limb except the anterior/medial thigh

29
Q

What kind of reflex is the stretch reflex?

A

Monosynaptic

30
Q

What is a monosynaptic reflex?

A

A reflex involving one CNS synapse (like in the spinal cord)

31
Q

What kind of reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

A

Polysynaptic

32
Q

In the autonomic nervous system, which neurons are myelinated and which are not?

A

Preganglionic neurons are myelinated

Postganglionic neurons are not myelinated

33
Q

How many neurons are used to reach the target muscle in the somatic nervous system?

A

one

34
Q

How many neurons are used to reach the target muscle/gland in the autonomic nervous system?

A

2
Preganglionic and postganglionic

35
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons synapse with other neurons in the ANS?

A

Autonomic ganglia

36
Q

What is the sympathetic division autonomic nervous system’s nickname? What is its function?

A

Fight or flight system
Activated in emergency situations and when excited or stressed

37
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system exit from the CNS?

A

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
T1-L2

38
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia found?

A

Near or within the target organ

39
Q

Where do preganglionic axons synapse in the parasympathetic nervous sytem?

A

Parasympathetic ganglia

40
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

Large network of neurons in the wall of the digestive tract

41
Q

What is the relationship between the ANS and the enteric nervous system?

A

The enteric nervous system can be influenced by the ANS, but the system can also function independently of the brain and spinal cord

42
Q

What is the nickname for the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Rest-and-digest

43
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic division?

A

Rest-and-digest
Conserves energy and replenishes energy stores

44
Q

What are sympathetic ganglia called? Where are they?

A

Near the CNS and vertebral column (sympathetic trunk)

Called sympathetic chain ganglia and prevertebral ganglia

45
Q

What are parasympathetic ganglia called near the target organ? Within the target organ?

A

Terminal ganglia

Intramural ganglia

46
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system, which of the two axons are longer?

A

Pre-ganglionic axons

The parasympathetic ganglia are in or near the target organ

47
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system exit the CNS?

A

Brainstem (CN III, VII, IX, X)
Sacral spinal cord

48
Q

What is dual innervation?

A

Most organs are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The two divisions often oppose each other

49
Q

How can a dual innervation effect be achieved if there is only innervation from parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system?

A

Increasing or decreasing activity in the one division

50
Q

How many neurons does the enteric nervous system have?

A

Contains as many neurons as the spinal cord

Anatomy (15 decks)

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