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Anatomy > 13: Senses > Flashcards

13: Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two classes of senses? What senses are in each?

A

General (temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure)

Special (gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, audition)

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2
Q

How are stimuli detected?

A

Through RECEPTORS

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3
Q

What are the 5 types of receptors?

A

Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors

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4
Q

What do mechanoreceptors detect?

A

Touch
Pressure
Vibration
Sound
Body position

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5
Q

What detectors detect temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors

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6
Q

What do nociceptors detect?

A

Tissue damage, possibly resulting in chemical pain

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7
Q

What is a extereceptor?

A

A receptor that is located near a stimulus in the external environment

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8
Q

What is an interoceptor?

A

Receptor that interprets stimuli from internal organs and tissues, such as an increase in blood pressure

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9
Q

What is a proprioceptor?

A

Interprets the positions of tissues as they move, such as near a muscle

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10
Q

What is a chemoreceptor?

A

Interprets chemical stimuli, such as taste or smell

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11
Q

What receptors interpret light?

A

Photoreceptors

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12
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Body position

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13
Q

What kind of sense is somatosensation?

A

General

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14
Q

Where are receptors for general senses found?

A

All across the body in various organs

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15
Q

Where are receptors found for special senses?

A

In organs dedicated to that sense

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16
Q

Where are receptors for proprioception found?

A

Joints and muscles

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17
Q

What is the name of a stretch receptor in a skeletal muscle?

A

Muscle spindles

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18
Q

What is the name of a stretch receptor in a tendon?

A

Golgi tendon organs

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19
Q

What are stretch receptors called in joints capsules?

A

Bulbous corpuscles

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20
Q

Where do babies have taste buds that adults do not?

A

Foliate papillae

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21
Q

Where do adults have most of their taste buds?

A

Circumvallate papillae

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22
Q

What kind of receptors are in the taste buds?

A

Chemoreceptors

23
Q

What are the five tastes that taste buds respond to?

A

Salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

24
Q

How often are gustatory cells replaced?

A

7-10 days

25
Q

What two cell types are in a taste bud? What kind lies just below it and will replace the two cell types?

A

Gustatory cells
Supporting cells

Basal cells

26
Q

What kind of receptors are in olfactory receptors?

A

Chemoreceptors

27
Q

What kind of neurons are olfactory receptors?

A

Bipolar

28
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?

A

6

29
Q

What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A

Aqueous humor

30
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber of the eye?

A

Vitreous humor

31
Q

What two structures form the fibrous tunic of the eye?

A

Sclera
Cornea

32
Q

What 4 structures form the vascular tunic of the eye?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Suspensory ligaments
Iris

33
Q

What forms the neural tunic of the eye?

A

Retina and its photoreceptors

34
Q

What do rods do in the eye?

A

Function in dim light
Don’t provide sharp vision or color vision
More numerous than cones

35
Q

What do cones do in the eye?

A

Operate best in bright light
Provide high acuity color vision
Sharp vision

36
Q

What is the fovea centralis?

A

Contains only cones
Maximal visual acuity
Lens focuses here

37
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

Spot in the retina with no rods or cones, blind spot
Where axons exit eye

38
Q

What does macular degeneration do?

A

Area around fovea centralis degenerates, leaves center of vision greyed out

39
Q

What do cataracts do?

A

Cloudy lens, leaves vision blurry

40
Q

What does glaucoma do?

A

High pressure in eye hurts optic nerve, tunnel vision

41
Q

What gland produces earwax?

A

Ceruminous

42
Q

What fills the tympanic cavity?

A

Air

43
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Infection of the middle ear

44
Q

What organ detects linear acceleration?

A

Vestibule

45
Q

What organ detects rotational movements?

A

Semicircular canals

46
Q

What organ detects sound waves?

A

Cochlea

47
Q

What do the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani contain?

A

Perilymph

48
Q

What does the scala media contain?

A

Endolymph

49
Q

What connects the tectorial membrane to the hair cells?

A

Tether

50
Q

What cranial nerves are for gustation?

A

VII and IX

51
Q

What cranial nerves are for olfaction?

A

I

52
Q

What cranial nerves are for vision?

A

II

53
Q

What cranial nerves are for audition?

A

VIII

54
Q

What cranial nerves are for equilibrium?

A

VIII

Anatomy (15 decks)

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