13: Senses

Question 1

What are the two classes of senses? What senses are in each?

Answer 1

General (temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure)

Special (gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, audition)

Question 2

How are stimuli detected?

Answer 2

Through RECEPTORS

Question 3

What are the 5 types of receptors?

Answer 3

Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors

Question 4

What do mechanoreceptors detect?

Answer 4

Touch
Pressure
Vibration
Sound
Body position

Question 5

What detectors detect temperature?

Answer 5

Thermoreceptors

Question 6

What do nociceptors detect?

Answer 6

Tissue damage, possibly resulting in chemical pain

Question 7

What is a extereceptor?

Answer 7

A receptor that is located near a stimulus in the external environment

Question 8

What is an interoceptor?

Answer 8

Receptor that interprets stimuli from internal organs and tissues, such as an increase in blood pressure

Question 9

What is a proprioceptor?

Answer 9

Interprets the positions of tissues as they move, such as near a muscle

Question 10

What is a chemoreceptor?

Answer 10

Interprets chemical stimuli, such as taste or smell

Question 11

What receptors interpret light?

Answer 11

Photoreceptors

Question 12

What is proprioception?

Answer 12

Body position

Question 13

What kind of sense is somatosensation?

Answer 13

General

Question 14

Where are receptors for general senses found?

Answer 14

All across the body in various organs

Question 15

Where are receptors found for special senses?

Answer 15

In organs dedicated to that sense

Question 16

Where are receptors for proprioception found?

Answer 16

Joints and muscles

Question 17

What is the name of a stretch receptor in a skeletal muscle?

Answer 17

Muscle spindles

Question 18

What is the name of a stretch receptor in a tendon?

Answer 18

Golgi tendon organs

Question 19

What are stretch receptors called in joints capsules?

Answer 19

Bulbous corpuscles

Question 20

Where do babies have taste buds that adults do not?

Answer 20

Foliate papillae

Question 21

Where do adults have most of their taste buds?

Answer 21

Circumvallate papillae

Question 22

What kind of receptors are in the taste buds?

Answer 22

Chemoreceptors

Question 23

What are the five tastes that taste buds respond to?

Answer 23

Salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

Question 24

How often are gustatory cells replaced?

Answer 24

7-10 days

Question 25

What two cell types are in a taste bud? What kind lies just below it and will replace the two cell types?

Answer 25

Gustatory cells Supporting cells Basal cells

Question 26

What kind of receptors are in olfactory receptors?

Answer 26

Chemoreceptors

Question 27

What kind of neurons are olfactory receptors?

Answer 27

Bipolar

Question 28

How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?

Answer 28

6

Question 29

What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

Answer 29

Aqueous humor

Question 30

What fills the vitreous chamber of the eye?

Answer 30

Vitreous humor

Question 31

What two structures form the fibrous tunic of the eye?

Answer 31

Sclera Cornea

Question 32

What 4 structures form the vascular tunic of the eye?

Answer 32

Choroid Ciliary body Suspensory ligaments Iris

Question 33

What forms the neural tunic of the eye?

Answer 33

Retina and its photoreceptors

Question 34

What do rods do in the eye?

Answer 34

Function in dim light Don't provide sharp vision or color vision More numerous than cones

Question 35

What do cones do in the eye?

Answer 35

Operate best in bright light Provide high acuity color vision Sharp vision

Question 36

What is the fovea centralis?

Answer 36

Contains only cones Maximal visual acuity Lens focuses here

Question 37

What is the optic disc?

Answer 37

Spot in the retina with no rods or cones, blind spot Where axons exit eye

Question 38

What does macular degeneration do?

Answer 38

Area around fovea centralis degenerates, leaves center of vision greyed out

Question 39

What do cataracts do?

Answer 39

Cloudy lens, leaves vision blurry

Question 40

What does glaucoma do?

Answer 40

High pressure in eye hurts optic nerve, tunnel vision

Question 41

What gland produces earwax?

Answer 41

Ceruminous

Question 42

What fills the tympanic cavity?

Answer 42

Air

Question 43

What is otitis media?

Answer 43

Infection of the middle ear

Question 44

What organ detects linear acceleration?

Answer 44

Vestibule

Question 45

What organ detects rotational movements?

Answer 45

Semicircular canals

Question 46

What organ detects sound waves?

Answer 46

Cochlea

Question 47

What do the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani contain?

Answer 47

Perilymph

Question 48

What does the scala media contain?

Answer 48

Endolymph

Question 49

What connects the tectorial membrane to the hair cells?

Answer 49

Tether

Question 50

What cranial nerves are for gustation?

Answer 50

VII and IX

Question 51

What cranial nerves are for olfaction?

Answer 51

I

Question 52

What cranial nerves are for vision?

Answer 52

II

Question 53

What cranial nerves are for audition?

Answer 53

VIII

Question 54

What cranial nerves are for equilibrium?

Answer 54

VIII