13: Senses Flashcards
What are the two classes of senses? What senses are in each?
General (temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure)
Special (gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, audition)
How are stimuli detected?
Through RECEPTORS
What are the 5 types of receptors?
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors
What do mechanoreceptors detect?
Touch
Pressure
Vibration
Sound
Body position
What detectors detect temperature?
Thermoreceptors
What do nociceptors detect?
Tissue damage, possibly resulting in chemical pain
What is a extereceptor?
A receptor that is located near a stimulus in the external environment
What is an interoceptor?
Receptor that interprets stimuli from internal organs and tissues, such as an increase in blood pressure
What is a proprioceptor?
Interprets the positions of tissues as they move, such as near a muscle
What is a chemoreceptor?
Interprets chemical stimuli, such as taste or smell
What receptors interpret light?
Photoreceptors
What is proprioception?
Body position
What kind of sense is somatosensation?
General
Where are receptors for general senses found?
All across the body in various organs
Where are receptors found for special senses?
In organs dedicated to that sense
Where are receptors for proprioception found?
Joints and muscles
What is the name of a stretch receptor in a skeletal muscle?
Muscle spindles
What is the name of a stretch receptor in a tendon?
Golgi tendon organs
What are stretch receptors called in joints capsules?
Bulbous corpuscles
Where do babies have taste buds that adults do not?
Foliate papillae
Where do adults have most of their taste buds?
Circumvallate papillae
What kind of receptors are in the taste buds?
Chemoreceptors
What are the five tastes that taste buds respond to?
Salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami
How often are gustatory cells replaced?
7-10 days
What two cell types are in a taste bud? What kind lies just below it and will replace the two cell types?
Gustatory cells
Supporting cells
Basal cells
What kind of receptors are in olfactory receptors?
Chemoreceptors
What kind of neurons are olfactory receptors?
Bipolar
How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?
6
What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?
Aqueous humor
What fills the vitreous chamber of the eye?
Vitreous humor
What two structures form the fibrous tunic of the eye?
Sclera
Cornea
What 4 structures form the vascular tunic of the eye?
Choroid
Ciliary body
Suspensory ligaments
Iris
What forms the neural tunic of the eye?
Retina and its photoreceptors
What do rods do in the eye?
Function in dim light
Don’t provide sharp vision or color vision
More numerous than cones
What do cones do in the eye?
Operate best in bright light
Provide high acuity color vision
Sharp vision
What is the fovea centralis?
Contains only cones
Maximal visual acuity
Lens focuses here
What is the optic disc?
Spot in the retina with no rods or cones, blind spot
Where axons exit eye
What does macular degeneration do?
Area around fovea centralis degenerates, leaves center of vision greyed out
What do cataracts do?
Cloudy lens, leaves vision blurry
What does glaucoma do?
High pressure in eye hurts optic nerve, tunnel vision
What gland produces earwax?
Ceruminous
What fills the tympanic cavity?
Air
What is otitis media?
Infection of the middle ear
What organ detects linear acceleration?
Vestibule
What organ detects rotational movements?
Semicircular canals
What organ detects sound waves?
Cochlea
What do the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani contain?
Perilymph
What does the scala media contain?
Endolymph
What connects the tectorial membrane to the hair cells?
Tether
What cranial nerves are for gustation?
VII and IX
What cranial nerves are for olfaction?
I
What cranial nerves are for vision?
II
What cranial nerves are for audition?
VIII
What cranial nerves are for equilibrium?
VIII
