9-3 to 9-6

Question 1

Sweatshops

Answer 1

A shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions.

Question 2

collective bargaining

Answer 2

Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract.

Question 3

Knights of Labor

Answer 3

Led by Terence V. Powderly and had an open-membership policy extending to unskilled, semiskilled, women, African-Americans, and immigrants. It faded away after the Haymarket Riots in Chicago.

Question 4

American Federation of Labor

Answer 4

Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886. It sought better wages, hours, and working conditions. This union only allowed skilled laborers and arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor.

Question 5

Haymarket Riot

Answer 5

1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence. The Knights of Labor was blamed for the riot and membership decreased after this event.

Question 6

Homestead Strike

Answer 6

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when strikebreakers and Pinkertons were brought in to force an end to the strike.

Question 7

Pullman Strike

Answer 7

1894 railway workers’ strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide. President sent troops to end the strike.

Question 8

New Immigrants

Answer 8

Immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880’s from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Question 9

Ellis Island

Answer 9

An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892 and where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy.

Question 10

nativism

Answer 10

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones.

Question 11

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 11

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers.

Question 12

Americanization

Answer 12

Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens.

Question 13

push-pull factors

Answer 13

Conditions that draw people to another location (pull factors) or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region (push factors).

Question 14

urbanization

Answer 14

Movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Question 15

tenements

Answer 15

Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded.

Question 16

“Gilded Age”

Answer 16

A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government.