- Review: Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that requires the doubling of a cell’s DNA (in S phase of interphase) so that each resulting cell has a copy of the genetic information. • Mitosis is divided into five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

- Before mitosis begins (during late interphase), the centrosome doubles and microtubules (protein polymers) begin to grow out of them to form the asters. - During prophase, DNA condenses into chromosomes that are visible with a light microscope. The nucleolus disappears and the spindle begins to form out of the asters as the centrosomes start to migrate from each other to opposite poles. - In prometaphase the nuclear envelope breaks into fragments. The centrosomes have migrated to each pole. Some of the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes. - During metaphase the chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (the equator of the cell) by the microtubules. The array of microtubules at the metaphase plate is called the spindle because they look like a spindle. - During anaphase the chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles. Motor molecules at the kinetochore of each chromatid move along microtubules as they shorten, resulting in the separation of chromatids. As this happens, the cell elongates - Finally, in telophase the cleavage furrow forms and the cell begins to divide. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform and DNA becomes less condensed

8.1.3 Mitosis: The Phases Flashcards by Irina Soloshenko

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8.1.3 Mitosis: The Phases Flashcards

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