Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have many physiological differences that lead to differences in protein synthesis. These differences include:

``` · the presence or absence of a nucleus · chromosomal differences · promoter recognition · method of transcription termination · ribosome size · location of transcription and translation · protein targeting ```

- Eukaryotic cells have a double-membrane nucleus that encloses chromosomes, and they have membrane-bound organelles. - Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Instead, prokaryotic cells have a region called the nucleoid, where the chromosome is found. - The DNA of eukaryotic cells is organized into rod-like chromosomes. The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is organized into a single circular chromosome. In general, prokaryotes have less DNA than eukaryotes. - RNA polymerase depends on transcription factors to recognize the promoter. Prokaryotic RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter without the aid of transcription factors. - In eukaryotes, transcription proceeds through the stop sequence and ends about 10 to 35 nucleotides later. As seen in the diagram on the left, the mRNA that results from eukaryotic transcription extends past the termination signal, an AU-rich region. In prokaryotes, transcription stops at the end of the stop sequence. - Eukaryotic cells perform both transcription and RNA processing in the nucleus. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. - Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, have no nucleus. They perform transcription and translation in the cytosol of the cell. In addition, prokaryotes do not undergo any RNA processing. - A signal peptide on eukaryotic proteins targets the protein to the ER. A receptor on the ER recognizes the signal. The diagram on the left shows the insertion of a protein (from right to left) into the ER of a eukaryotic cell. - Because prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles, they have no complicated system for targeting proteins into organelles.

Which of the following is not a part of prokaryotic gene transcription?

- Excision of introns from transcribed RNA

In eukaryotic transcription, the TATA box serves as a __________ where ___________ bind.

- promoter sequence, transcription factors

6.10.3 Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Protein-Making Machinery Flashcards by Irina Soloshenko

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6.10.3 Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Protein-Making Machinery Flashcards

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