2.1.3 Ions, Ionization, and Isotopes

Question 1

ion

Answer 1

• charged atom

Question 2

ionization

Answer 2

• the formation of ions

Question 3

isotopes

Answer 3

• atoms that have a different number of neutrons than other atoms with the same atomic number
• their unique properties are useful for researching the age of different substance

Question 4

Lewis dot notation

Answer 4

• a method of representing atoms. It involves drawing only the valence electrons of an atom.

Question 5

valence shell

Answer 5

• Atoms with unfilled valence shells can interact with each other.
• An example is the interaction between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl). Na can lose its single valence electron, and Cl can take that electron filling its valence shell. Na+ and Cl- ions result from this exchange. The process of the formation of ions is called ionization.

Question 6

note

Answer 6

• Carbon has an atomic number of six. Carbon atoms typically consist of six protons and six electrons, although isotopes do exist.
• Two isotopes of carbon include 13carbon and 14carbon. Each of these isotopes has the same number of protons (six), but different numbers of neutrons.
• The atomic mass takes the weights of these carbon isotopes into account; thus, the atomic weight is 12.011 rather than 12.

Question 7

radioisotope

Answer 7

• an isotope that gives off radiation. 14C is a radioisotope that will decay into 14N. A neutron within 14C will break apart, become a proton, and emit radiation.

Question 8

True or false?
An isotope is one of several different forms of an element’s atoms that have different atomic masses due to a gain or loss of neutrons or protons.

Answer 8

• false

Question 9

Ionization is caused by the gain or loss of these atomic particles

Answer 9

• electrons

Question 10

If an atom gains or loses electrons it becomes

Answer 10

• an ion

Question 11

Isotopes of the same atom differ in the number of

Answer 11

• neutrons

Question 12

What are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the −2 anion from the 17^O isotope of oxygen? (The atomic number of oxygen is 8.)

Answer 12

• 8p+; 9n; 10e−

Question 13

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of ______________ but different numbers of ________________.

Answer 13

• protons, neutrons

Question 14

Ions are formed by a change in the number of ______________________, while isotopes have differing numbers of _________________________.

Answer 14

• electrons, neutrons

Question 15

When an atom of fluorine (atomic number 9) becomes an ion, it

Answer 15

• gains one electron

Question 16

The atomic mass of an element is the

Answer 16

• average mass of its various isotopes

Question 17

Considering the valence electron configuration of magnesium (atomic number 12), which is the most likely charge produced by the ionization of magnesium?

Answer 17

• +2