2.2.2 Ionic and Covalent Bonds Flashcards
1
Q
electrostatics
A
- describes the tendency for positive and negative charges to attract.
2
Q
ionic and covalent bonds
A
- two common types of bonds that form between atoms
3
Q
note
A
- An ionic bond forms from the attraction of oppositely charged atoms called ions.
- A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons.
- Atoms want to have their outermost shells filled.
- An atom’s ability to fill its outer shell is related
to its electronegativity. - A chlorine atom (Cl) needs one electron to fill its shell, and it has a high electronegativity.
- A sodium atom (Na) has only one electron in its outer shell, and its electronegativity is relatively low.
- As a result, Cl can take away Na’s electron, leading to the formation of the ions, Na+ and Cl-
- Because these ions have opposite charges, they are electrostatically attracted to one another. This attraction is called an ionic bond.
4
Q
electronegativity
A
- the ability of an atom to gain an electron. An atom that has a high electronegativity is better able to pull an
electron towards itself than an atom with a low electronegativity.
5
Q
ionic bonds
A
- form from the attraction of the oppositely charged ions that result from a process called ionization.
6
Q
covalent bonds
A
- form when the differences between the electronegativities of atoms are equal or similar.
- Instead of an atom taking an electron from
another atom, the two atoms share electrons.
7
Q
Ionic bonds are formed when
A
- two atoms of opposite charge come together to form an uncharged compound.
8
Q
When two oxygen atoms (atomic number 8) interact to form molecular oxygen
A
- they share electrons.
9
Q
True or false?
Any two ions of opposite charge can form an ionic bond.
A
- true