- the study of the relationships among the diversity of life-forms on the planet. The information about each organism comes from evolutionary history, genetics, and anatomy.

- the branch of systematics that creates a classification scheme for organisms. - Two different approaches to taxonomy are phenetics and cladistics

- involves classifying organisms based entirely on measurable similarities and differences in phenotypic characteristics. Phenetics ignores the distinction between homologous and analogous structures - Review: Homologousstructures are similar structures shared by species because of common ancestry. Analogous structures appear superficially similar, but do not reflect a common ancestry. - Using phenetics, a scientist would compare anatomical characteristics between the bat, bird, and butterfly illustrated to the left. Naively considering analogous structures (wings), the three organisms might erroneously be classified as close relatives.

- classifies organisms according to the order in time that branching occurs in a phylogenetic tree. This approach reflects evolutionary relationships. Relying on the fields of genetics, developmental biology, and anatomy, cladistic analysis uses shared homologous structures among organisms. Cladistics is the dominant approach in modern taxonomy. - Cladistic analysis of the bat, bird, and butterfly to the left would consider homologies among the three. Based on cladistic analysis, butterflies are placed in a separate phylum from bats and birds. - For a given group of organisms, a clade is an evolutionary branch. Clades can be organized into a phylogenetic tree called a cladogram. - The cladogram on the left shows members of the taxonomic family Ursidae, which includes the black bear, grizzly bear, and giant panda. The scheme is based on information from molecular genetics, development, and morphology.

On what does phenetics base its conclusions?

- data concerning the similarities between organisms

Which of the following is the best description of taxonomy?

- Classification of organisms based on systematics

11.1.1 Classifying the Products of Evolution: Taxonomy Flashcards by Irina Soloshenko

This is a private class.

You need a Pro account to access a Private class
I have an access code

To request access, contact Irina Soloshenko, and ask that they share the class directly with you, using the email address you use for your Brainscape account.

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

11.1.1 Classifying the Products of Evolution: Taxonomy Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM