- The transition from unicellularity to colonialism to multicellularity must have occurred at some point after the evolution of protists. The common ancestor of the domain Eukarya was most likely a protist. - Remember, the word protist does not imply phylogenetic relationships. There are at least six candidate kingdoms that include protists. This tutorial covers four of these kingdoms: Alveolata, Stamenopila, Rhodophyta and the green algae. - The candidate kingdom Alveolata includes the dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates. - Dinoflagellates are autotrophic and contain a high concentration of the brownish-red pigment, xanthophyll. A harmful dinoflagellate, Pfisteria piscicida may have caused large fish kills in the mid-Atlantic states. - The apicomplexans are characterized by an apicomplex, which is a specialized structure for burrowing into host cells. They are parasitic and a common example is Plasmodium sp., which is responsible for malaria. - Ciliates are covered in cilia for motilitiy. A common example of a ciliate is Paramecium sp. - The candidate kingdom Stramenopila include the diatoms, the golden algae, the brown algae and the water molds. - Diatoms are the most common aquatic unicellular organism. - They have beautiful glass-like shells that are made from silica. - The golden algae contain yellow and brown pigments called carotene and xanthophyll. There are both heterotrophic and photosynthetic species of golden algae. - The brown algae are commonly called seaweed. They are often multicellular as seen in the photograph of the brown algae, Macrocystis sp. shown on the left. - Water molds are commonly called mildew. They have cell walls that are made of cellulose. An example is Saprolegnia sp. - The candidate kingdom Rhodophyta is commonly called the red algae. They contain the red pigment phycoerythrin. They can be multicellular and their cells lack flagella. - The green algae are quite similar to plants. There are both marine and freshwater species and they can be either unicellular or multicellular. A common example of green algae is the sea lettuce of the genus Ulva.

- none of the choices is correct

11.4.2 Protists: Alveolata and Stramenopila Flashcards by Irina Soloshenko

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11.4.2 Protists: Alveolata and Stramenopila Flashcards

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