8 - Henry VIII's Government and Parliament

Question 1

How did the privy council mean Henry ‘ruled’?

Answer 1

• Henry would personally draw up agendas
• the Lord Chancellor would seek Henry’s approval
• Henry kept informed on political matters, at least once a day getting updates

Question 2

How did the privy council mean Henry ‘reigned’?

Answer 2

• privy council handled matters of state
• Henry did not attend council meetings
• Boleyn faction orchestrated Wolsey’s demise
• council allowed freedom to initiate policy

Question 3

How did the privy chamber mean Henry ‘ruled’?

Answer 3

• Henry himself picked who was in the Privy Chamber

Question 4

How did the privy chamber mean Henry ‘reigned’?

Answer 4

• ‘dry stamp’ was commonly used
• Paget and Herbert had access to it
• only signed monthly

Question 5

How did the court mean that Henry ‘ruled’?

Answer 5

• largely Henry assigned posts

Question 6

How did the court mean Henry ‘reigned’?

Answer 6

• Boleyn faction organised Wolsey’s demise
• Henry spent 113 nights out of royal palaces in 1526
• Egerton was made Henry’s standard bearer in 1513, £400 cash set aside by 1520

Question 7

Overall evidence- council in control

Answer 7

• 1510, council pushed for Treaty of Etaples renewal
• initial council is inherited
• crown lands went through the exchequer
• didn’t attend council meetings

Question 8

Overall evidence- Henry in control

Answer 8

• 1510, Henry abolishes council learned in the law
• Empson and Dudley arrested 2 days into reign
• Thomas Wolsey made Chief Minister
• Henry cancelled some council bonds in 1510

Question 9

How did government change after 1514?

Answer 9

-from 1509 to 1514, Henry had a conciliar approach but by 1514 had become frustrated with councillors
- Wolsey had impressed him

Question 10

Who was Wolsey?

Answer 10

• ordained in 1498
• 1501, chaplain to current archbishop
• mentored by Richard Fox, sat on council in 1510

Question 11

How did Wolsey change religion?

Answer 11

dissolved 30 religious houses

Question 12

How did Wolsey change foreign policy?

Answer 12

demanded amicable grant in 1525 for expedition to France

Question 13

How did Wolsey change money?

Answer 13

government expenditure of 1.7 million from 1509 to 1520

Question 14

How did Wolsey change law and order

Answer 14

star chamber was used to dispense cheap justice

Question 15

Evidence Henry ruled?

Answer 15

• Henry asked for Amicable grant
• when Henry lost faith in Wolsey people plotted his death
• Henry denied the 1522 attack on France
• 1529, Wolsey accused of working with Pope against Henry, his career is over

Question 16

Evidence that Wolsey ruled?

Answer 16

• Eltham Ordinances 1526, replaces William Compton
• Wolsey selected Henry’s JPs and secretaries
• Wolsey always saw ambassadors before Henry
• Wolsey demanded cardinal robes before Sept 1515 parliament session

Question 17

What was the relationship between Wolsey and Cromwell?

Answer 17

attended Wolsey college and was his lawyer. supported him and dissolved 12 monasteries under him

Question 18

What was Wolsey’s downfall?

Answer 18

Accused of getting in the way of Henry and supporting the Pope. Anne Boleyn accused him of interfering

Question 19

What role did Cromwell play in Henry VIII’s great matter?

Answer 19

Sold the king’s ideas to the public , set up the idea of England as an empire

Question 20

How did Henry reward Cromwell for his role in the great matter?

Answer 20

Master of Jewels in 1532
Invited into court

Question 21

Who were Cromwell’s allies?

Answer 21

Anne Boleyn, convinced Henry to appoint Cramner as ABoC

Question 22

What religious policies was Cromwell involved in?

Answer 22

shut down over 800 monasteries
1538 - sent holy blood to be examined

Question 23

Why and how did Henry get a divorce from Anne Boleyn?

Answer 23

She miscarried their second child so he decided she wouldn’t produce an heir. Cromwell intimidated those around her and got false confessions of incest with brother

Question 24

What did parliament pass in 1597?

Answer 24

Welfare state, poor laws

Question 25

How did Cromwell increase the power of parliament over power of the Church?

Answer 25

buggery illegal 1533

Question 26

How did Cromwell convince Henry to translate the bible into english?

Answer 26

Gave him a copy

Question 27

How did Cromwell organise Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleeves?

Answer 27

Asked Holbein to paint a picture of her, he wasn’t attracted to her so was annoyed

Question 28

How did Anne of Cleeves lead to his downfall?

Answer 28

Henry needed someone to blame

Question 29

Why did Nobles hate Cromwell

Answer 29

He was the Duke of Essex and had risen highly

Question 30

Who was responsible for Cromwell’s downfall?

Answer 30

Duke of Norfolk - accused him for heresy

Question 31

What justified the break from Rome?

Answer 31

Collectanea Satis Copiosa - justified thr anullment on legal grounds

Question 32

Conservatives - key people

Answer 32

Duke of Norfolk
Gardiner
Earl of Surrey

Question 33

Conservatives - what did they want

Answer 33

Marriage to Howard, plots against Cramner and Parr

Question 34

Conservatives - evidence they ruled over Henry

Answer 34

Accused Howard of heresy
Earl of Surrey produced new coat of arms, threatened Henry’s legitimacy
Cramner accused of being linked to the prebendaries plot

Question 35

Conservatives - evidence Henry ruled

Answer 35

Earl of Surrey executed 26th Jan 1547
Catherine Parr Queen Regent 1544
Gardiner not responsible for Edward in his youth

Question 36

Reformers - evidence that faction ruled over Henry

Answer 36

Henry appointed Cramner to investigate his own case 1543
Many reformers on Edward’s council, Edward Seymour
Sep 1543, personal ring given to Cramner

Question 37

Reformers - evidence Henry ruled over faction

Answer 37

1543 - Prebendaries plot Articles leaked
Henry chose to give Cramner ring
Henry had active role in gov

Question 38

What did reformers want

Answer 38

Protestantism, marriage to Parr and control of dry stamp

Question 39

Who controlled the dry stamp?

Answer 39

William Paget