21 - Elizabeth's Stability Flashcards
Marriage, Mary Queen Scots, the Northern Rebellion, Irish Policy
What could threaten Elizabeth’s stability?
- plots/ uprisings
- religion
- succession
- foreign policy
- aims of other countries
How could marriage increase stability?
- strong FP alliance
- religious influence
- secure an heir
How could marriage damage stability?
- dragged into foreign wars
- as a woman, loose control
- factional tension
What were the pros and cons of marrying Phillip II?
pros:
- powerful ally
- new world
cons:
- catholic
- could be drawn into wars
What were the pros and cons of marrying Erik of Sweden?
pros:
- protestant
- no controversy
cons:
- too far away
What were the pros and cons of marrying Robert Dudley?
pros:
- English
- protestant
- her fave
cons:
- political instability
- suspicious death of wife
What was the threat of marrying?
- 10% of aristocratic mothers died in childbirth, such as Jane Seymour
- Cecil started rumour that Elizabeth was involved in the death of Amy Dudley
- Elizabeth faced backlash when her and Dudley agreed to return to Catholicism if Phillip approved
What was the threat of Not Marrying?
- no heir to the throne
- parliament had petitioned for marriage 1559, 1563, 1576
- MQS would be on the throne if she did not marry
- 1566, Elizabeth refused to name an heir and broadsheets criticising her were distributed
How was Marrying not a threat?
- Elizabeth’s potential to marry could get MQS to behave
- Elizabeth’s potential marriage to Phillip delayed excommunication
How was not marrying not a threat?
- Elizabeth smoothly handed over succession to James in 1601
- Elizabeth outlived MQS
- 1599 ‘all my husbands, to all my good people’, claimed to be married to her country
How was MQS a threat?
- married to a French King
- Catholic
- Scottish
- has a claim to the throne
When was the Northern Rebellion and what was Mary’s involvement?
1569 - after Mary’s imprisonment in Carlisle Castle in 68, led by Norfolk to get MQS as a replacement. Not led by Mary
When was the Ridolfi Plot and what was Mary’s involvement?
1571
- led by Ridolfi and Norfolk
- invasion from Netherlands to coincide with another Northern Rebellion
- Support from Spanish Ambassador (de Spes)
- plans to murder Liz and replace with MQS
- intercepted and she was moved Sheffield castle
When was the Throckmorton Plot and what was Mary’s involvement?
1583
- Throckmorton and de Mendoza, Spanish Ambassador
- Walsingham accused Mary of being involved but had no evidence
- Mary imprisoned at Tutbury castle
When was the Babington Plot and what was Mary’s involvement?
1586
- Babington got Mary’s servants to hide letters in her room in beer barrels and she agreed to the plan
- Walsingham potentially knew about the correspondence and let it continue to incriminate Mary
How long was MQS imprisoned?
19 years
When was MQS executed?
1st Feb 1587, death warrant signed, she was executed 7 days later
Thomas Howard - Northern Rebellion
- one of the leaders
- wanted to secure English succession
- when the conspiracy was discovered, he encouraged others to follow suit
Thomas Percy - Northern Rebellion
- Earl of Northumberland
- supported to restore Catholicism
Charles Neville - Northern Rebellion
- Earl of Westmoorland
- Norfolk’s brother-in-law
Earl of Sussex - Northern Rebellion
- president of Council of the North
- anxious to prove loyalty to the crown
- questioned Northumberland and Westmoorland
De Spes - Northern Rebellion
- Spanish Ambassador
- wanted to restore Catholicism
- optimistic for success
Why did the Northern Rebellion start?
Sussex questioned Northumberland and Westmoorland for involvement 1568, which they denied. The rebellion only started when they were summoned to court, 9th Nov 1569
How long did the Northern Rebellion last?
9th Nov - 19th Dec 1569
