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A-Level History - Tudors > 21 - Elizabeth's Stability > Flashcards

21 - Elizabeth's Stability Flashcards

Marriage, Mary Queen Scots, the Northern Rebellion, Irish Policy

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1
Q

What could threaten Elizabeth’s stability?

A
  • plots/ uprisings
  • religion
  • succession
  • foreign policy
  • aims of other countries
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2
Q

How could marriage increase stability?

A
  • strong FP alliance
  • religious influence
  • secure an heir
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3
Q

How could marriage damage stability?

A
  • dragged into foreign wars
  • as a woman, loose control
  • factional tension
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4
Q

What were the pros and cons of marrying Phillip II?

A

pros:
- powerful ally
- new world

cons:
- catholic
- could be drawn into wars

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5
Q

What were the pros and cons of marrying Erik of Sweden?

A

pros:
- protestant
- no controversy

cons:
- too far away

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6
Q

What were the pros and cons of marrying Robert Dudley?

A

pros:
- English
- protestant
- her fave

cons:
- political instability
- suspicious death of wife

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7
Q

What was the threat of marrying?

A
  • 10% of aristocratic mothers died in childbirth, such as Jane Seymour
  • Cecil started rumour that Elizabeth was involved in the death of Amy Dudley
  • Elizabeth faced backlash when her and Dudley agreed to return to Catholicism if Phillip approved
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8
Q

What was the threat of Not Marrying?

A
  • no heir to the throne
  • parliament had petitioned for marriage 1559, 1563, 1576
  • MQS would be on the throne if she did not marry
  • 1566, Elizabeth refused to name an heir and broadsheets criticising her were distributed
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9
Q

How was Marrying not a threat?

A
  • Elizabeth’s potential to marry could get MQS to behave
  • Elizabeth’s potential marriage to Phillip delayed excommunication
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10
Q

How was not marrying not a threat?

A
  • Elizabeth smoothly handed over succession to James in 1601
  • Elizabeth outlived MQS
  • 1599 ‘all my husbands, to all my good people’, claimed to be married to her country
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11
Q

How was MQS a threat?

A
  • married to a French King
  • Catholic
  • Scottish
  • has a claim to the throne
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12
Q

When was the Northern Rebellion and what was Mary’s involvement?

A

1569 - after Mary’s imprisonment in Carlisle Castle in 68, led by Norfolk to get MQS as a replacement. Not led by Mary

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13
Q

When was the Ridolfi Plot and what was Mary’s involvement?

A

1571
- led by Ridolfi and Norfolk
- invasion from Netherlands to coincide with another Northern Rebellion
- Support from Spanish Ambassador (de Spes)
- plans to murder Liz and replace with MQS
- intercepted and she was moved Sheffield castle

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14
Q

When was the Throckmorton Plot and what was Mary’s involvement?

A

1583
- Throckmorton and de Mendoza, Spanish Ambassador
- Walsingham accused Mary of being involved but had no evidence
- Mary imprisoned at Tutbury castle

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15
Q

When was the Babington Plot and what was Mary’s involvement?

A

1586
- Babington got Mary’s servants to hide letters in her room in beer barrels and she agreed to the plan
- Walsingham potentially knew about the correspondence and let it continue to incriminate Mary

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16
Q

How long was MQS imprisoned?

A

19 years

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17
Q

When was MQS executed?

A

1st Feb 1587, death warrant signed, she was executed 7 days later

18
Q

Thomas Howard - Northern Rebellion

A
  • one of the leaders
  • wanted to secure English succession
  • when the conspiracy was discovered, he encouraged others to follow suit
19
Q

Thomas Percy - Northern Rebellion

A
  • Earl of Northumberland
  • supported to restore Catholicism
20
Q

Charles Neville - Northern Rebellion

A
  • Earl of Westmoorland
  • Norfolk’s brother-in-law
21
Q

Earl of Sussex - Northern Rebellion

A
  • president of Council of the North
  • anxious to prove loyalty to the crown
  • questioned Northumberland and Westmoorland
22
Q

De Spes - Northern Rebellion

A
  • Spanish Ambassador
  • wanted to restore Catholicism
  • optimistic for success
23
Q

Why did the Northern Rebellion start?

A

Sussex questioned Northumberland and Westmoorland for involvement 1568, which they denied. The rebellion only started when they were summoned to court, 9th Nov 1569

24
Q

How long did the Northern Rebellion last?

A

9th Nov - 19th Dec 1569

25
Q

How large was the Earl army in the Northern Rebellion?

A

3800 foot soldiers and 1600 horsemen

26
Q

What happened to the Earls of the Northern Rebellion?

A

Norfolk - did not get involved, begged for forgiveness
Northumberland - betrayed by a Scottish clan, beheaded in York 1572
Westmoorland - escapes abroad

27
Q

Why could Ireland be a threat?

A
  • Catholic
  • launch pad to England
  • resistant to English rule
28
Q

Shane O’Neill - Ulster

A

1559-66
- Elizabeth ordered Sussex to maintain control and enforce religious settlement
- he failed and Sidney was sent in
- O’ Neill was murdered by clans

29
Q

Fitzgerald Rebellion 1 - Munster

A

1569-72
- initially private war between Desmond and Ormonde
- Fitzgerald appealed for Catholic support and foreign aid
- colonisation not achieved

30
Q

Fitzgerald Rebellion 2 - Munster

A

1579-83
- 1580 Lord Grey sent with 6500 men to put down rebellion supported by Pope
- rebellion in Munster, Leinster, Ulster and Connaught
- garrison of Smerwick put down savagely
- government supporters in Pale declined
- paved way for colonisation in Connaught and Munster

31
Q

Tyrone’s Rebellion - Munster

A

1594-1601
1594 - Tyrone builds up army against England
1595 - Tyrone defeats English at Clontribet
1599 - Essex sent with an army of 17,000 but fails and agrees a truce, then flees
1602 - Tyrone defeated
1603 - Tyrone surrenders 6 days after Elizabeth’s death

32
Q

Why did Tyrone’s Rebellion start?

A
  • expenditure on Ireland had been low in comparison to England
  • Earl of Tyrone came to power in Ulster
  • Fiztwilliam could not control the disputes in Dublin
33
Q

When was the end of the Earl of Essex’s political career?

A

1599
- deserted his post in Ireland and returned to court without permission
- suspended from PC and on house arrest

34
Q

What was Essex’s charge of treason?

A
  • Essex had conspired against the Queen with Pope and king of Spain
  • agreed to defend Spanish interests in the New World
35
Q

What was Essex’s financial situation?

A
  • Elizabeth had refused to let him renew his sweet wine pattern
  • debt of £16,000
36
Q

What was Essex’s plan?

A
  • armed coup that would take down his enemies
  • Palace of Whitehall would be secured, Tower stormed and Privy Council purged of Cecilian majority
37
Q

How did Essex’s rebellion play out?

A
  • 8th Feb, 300 Essex supporters gathered at Essex house
  • 4 privy council members arrived with a message from Queen, telling him to dismiss followers and come to court
  • he held the councillors hostage and tried to gain support but little came
  • Cecil fortified Whitehall and he surrendered
38
Q

How was Essex punished?

A

Him and 5 followers executed, but Earls of Southampton and Rutland spared

39
Q

Was England ever invaded under Elizabeth?

A

No, but some occasions where England came under threat from Spain

40
Q

How was England under threat in 1568?

A

Viceroy of Mexico and the Spanish fleet attacked John Hawkins and 100 men and 4 ships were lost. Trade embargo between Spain and Netherlands and England

41
Q

How was England under threat in 1588?

A

Spanish Armada is defeated, close to English territory

A-Level History - Tudors (27 decks)

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