20 - Foreign Relations in Elizabethan England Flashcards
1
Q
What are the periods when looking at Spain?
A
- 1560-68
- 1568-72
- 1572-84
- 1585-97
2
Q
How would Elizabeth be successful in Spain?
A
- prevent invasion
- good relations with Netherlands
- not spend lots of money
- no uprisings at home
3
Q
How was Elizabeth successful from 1560-67 in Spain?
A
- no attempts of invasion
- trade embargo reversed within 12 months
- Treaty of Edinburgh, new Protestant government established, but mainly credited to Cecil
- 1564 attacks in the New World, brought 60% return for investors
- trade links with the Baltic and Russia established, expansion of English trade
4
Q
How was Elizabeth a failure from 1560-67 in Spain?
A
- trade embargo in 1563 with the Netherlands
- Mary’s book of rates increased duties n imports by 75%
- Hugenots defeated in Spanish Civil War 1562
- English driven out of France by Hugenots and Catholics at Le Havre 1563
- French control of Calais confirmed in Treaty of Troyes 1564
5
Q
What were relations in the New World like from 1560-67?
A
- silver was carried from South America to Spain
- 1562 John Hawkins sailed to West Africa and bought slaves to sell to colonists
- 1664 Hawkins sails back to Africa with financial backing from Elizabeth, Leicester and Cecil
- 1568 Spain attacked Hawkins fleet at San Juan de Ulua and he returned with only 15 men
6
Q
By 1568, what were Anglo-Spanish relations like?
A
- her role of Protestant protector scared Spain
- changes in trade decreased positive relations
- tensions over events in the New World
7
Q
1567
A
- Elizabeth allows the sea beggars (Dutch protestant pirates) to shelter in the English channel
- antagonises Spain without spending money
8
Q
1568
A
- John Hawkins sails to New World but is attacked at San Juan de Ulua
- Elizabeth seized bullion from Spanish ships in English ports
- trade embargo put in place and all English ships and property is taken
9
Q
1570
A
Papal Bull excommunicating Elizabeth
10
Q
1571
A
Spanish support for the Ridolfi Plot
11
Q
1572
A
- Treaty of Blois with France signed, promise to aid each other if necessary
- Elizabeth expels the Dutch sea beggars, beginning the Revolt of the Netherlands
- volunteer force sent to Netherlands under influence of Colingy (Hugenot leader) to protect Flushing
- St Bartholomew Massacre of Protestants, still kept good relations
12
Q
1573
A
- Liz allows Hugenots to use England as a base and tells English protestants to send a loan
- Sir Humphrey Gilbert hold Flushing for the Dutch
13
Q
1574
A
- trade embargo is lifted
- Convention of Bristol, settles bullion dispute, banishes Dutch rebels from England
- Alva is replaced by de Requesens and Spain refuses any discussion over Netherlands
14
Q
1576
A
- Spanish Fury unites 17 provinces into rebellion against Spain
- Pacification of Ghent calls for expulsion of foreign troops
- Elizabeth loans dutch £100,000 and agrees to send an expeditionary force, if France intervenes will be used against them
15
Q
1577
A
- Don Juan of Austria begins reconquest of Netherlands
- Elizabeth shies away from war and finances a mercenary force under John Casimir
16
Q
1578
A
- Duke of Alencon signs an alliance with William of Orange and intervenes in Netherlands
- James VI becomes king of Scotland and falls under influence of Esme Stuart
- Stuart draws up a plot to invade England but Walsingham uncovers this
17
Q
1579
A
- Duke of Parma makes advances in Netherlands
- Alencon withdraws his forces and the south makes peace with Parma
18
Q
1580
A
- Phillip gains Portugal and provides a navy almost matching England’s
- Elizabeth sends Alencon £100,000 to revive his campaign
19
Q
1582
A
- Scottish lords overthrow Stuart
- Elizabeth establishes a close relationship with James
20
Q
1583
A
- Phillip orders construction of a large navy
- de Mendoza involves himself in the Throckmorton Plot
- Alencon withdraws from the Netherlands
21
Q
1584
A
- de Mendoza is expelled from England
- William of Orange is executed
- Treaty of Jonville, Phillip promises a Catholic league to prevent Henry of Navarre gaining control of France
22
Q
When did war with Spain start?
A
1585 - but not officially declared
23
Q
Where was England at war with Spain?
A
- the Netherlands
- the Channel
- the New World
- France
24
Q
What was happening in France by 1585?
A
Henry IV as Protestant king vs the Catholic League
25
What was happening in the Channel by 1585?
Spain were planning to invade England and fight on land to restore Catholicism
