20 - Foreign Relations in Elizabethan England Flashcards
1
Q
What are the periods when looking at Spain?
A
- 1560-68
- 1568-72
- 1572-84
- 1585-97
2
Q
How would Elizabeth be successful in Spain?
A
- prevent invasion
- good relations with Netherlands
- not spend lots of money
- no uprisings at home
3
Q
How was Elizabeth successful from 1560-67 in Spain?
A
- no attempts of invasion
- trade embargo reversed within 12 months
- Treaty of Edinburgh, new Protestant government established, but mainly credited to Cecil
- 1564 attacks in the New World, brought 60% return for investors
- trade links with the Baltic and Russia established, expansion of English trade
4
Q
How was Elizabeth a failure from 1560-67 in Spain?
A
- trade embargo in 1563 with the Netherlands
- Mary’s book of rates increased duties n imports by 75%
- Hugenots defeated in Spanish Civil War 1562
- English driven out of France by Hugenots and Catholics at Le Havre 1563
- French control of Calais confirmed in Treaty of Troyes 1564
5
Q
What were relations in the New World like from 1560-67?
A
- silver was carried from South America to Spain
- 1562 John Hawkins sailed to West Africa and bought slaves to sell to colonists
- 1664 Hawkins sails back to Africa with financial backing from Elizabeth, Leicester and Cecil
- 1568 Spain attacked Hawkins fleet at San Juan de Ulua and he returned with only 15 men
6
Q
By 1568, what were Anglo-Spanish relations like?
A
- her role of Protestant protector scared Spain
- changes in trade decreased positive relations
- tensions over events in the New World
7
Q
1567
A
- Elizabeth allows the sea beggars (Dutch protestant pirates) to shelter in the English channel
- antagonises Spain without spending money
8
Q
1568
A
- John Hawkins sails to New World but is attacked at San Juan de Ulua
- Elizabeth seized bullion from Spanish ships in English ports
- trade embargo put in place and all English ships and property is taken
9
Q
1570
A
Papal Bull excommunicating Elizabeth
10
Q
1571
A
Spanish support for the Ridolfi Plot
11
Q
1572
A
- Treaty of Blois with France signed, promise to aid each other if necessary
- Elizabeth expels the Dutch sea beggars, beginning the Revolt of the Netherlands
- volunteer force sent to Netherlands under influence of Colingy (Hugenot leader) to protect Flushing
- St Bartholomew Massacre of Protestants, still kept good relations
12
Q
1573
A
- Liz allows Hugenots to use England as a base and tells English protestants to send a loan
- Sir Humphrey Gilbert hold Flushing for the Dutch
13
Q
1574
A
- trade embargo is lifted
- Convention of Bristol, settles bullion dispute, banishes Dutch rebels from England
- Alva is replaced by de Requesens and Spain refuses any discussion over Netherlands
14
Q
1576
A
- Spanish Fury unites 17 provinces into rebellion against Spain
- Pacification of Ghent calls for expulsion of foreign troops
- Elizabeth loans dutch £100,000 and agrees to send an expeditionary force, if France intervenes will be used against them
15
Q
1577
A
- Don Juan of Austria begins reconquest of Netherlands
- Elizabeth shies away from war and finances a mercenary force under John Casimir
16
Q
1578
A
- Duke of Alencon signs an alliance with William of Orange and intervenes in Netherlands
- James VI becomes king of Scotland and falls under influence of Esme Stuart
- Stuart draws up a plot to invade England but Walsingham uncovers this
17
Q
1579
A
- Duke of Parma makes advances in Netherlands
- Alencon withdraws his forces and the south makes peace with Parma
18
Q
1580
A
- Phillip gains Portugal and provides a navy almost matching England’s
- Elizabeth sends Alencon £100,000 to revive his campaign
19
Q
1582
A
- Scottish lords overthrow Stuart
- Elizabeth establishes a close relationship with James
20
Q
1583
A
- Phillip orders construction of a large navy
- de Mendoza involves himself in the Throckmorton Plot
- Alencon withdraws from the Netherlands
21
Q
1584
A
- de Mendoza is expelled from England
- William of Orange is executed
- Treaty of Jonville, Phillip promises a Catholic league to prevent Henry of Navarre gaining control of France
22
Q
When did war with Spain start?
A
1585 - but not officially declared
23
Q
Where was England at war with Spain?
A
- the Netherlands
- the Channel
- the New World
- France
24
Q
What was happening in France by 1585?
A
Henry IV as Protestant king vs the Catholic League
25
Q
What was happening in the Channel by 1585?
A
Spain were planning to invade England and fight on land to restore Catholicism
