21- War In European Waters

Question 1

1587

Answer 1

Drake sails into Cadiz harbour and sinks 30 ships, delaying preparations for the Armada

Question 2

1588

Answer 2

• 130 Spanish ships carrying 17,000 men sail into the Channel
• sailed down the channel before anchoring at Calais
• during the night English used fire ships to scatter before destroying them at the battle of Gravelines
• the survivors crash at Scottish and Irish coasts, less than half returned to Spain

Question 3

1589

Answer 3

• Drake leads a naval counter attack, Elizabeth wants to destroy remaining Armada but he wants to help Don Antonio of Portugal regain his crown
• he disobeys her and with Essex attempts a failed attack on Portugal

Question 4

1596

Answer 4

• 17 naval ships and 47 war ships led by Raleigh, Essex and Howard sack Cadiz and capture Spanish treasure
• this costs Phillip 12 million ducats

Question 5

1596

Answer 5

2 more Armadas defeated by 1598

Question 6

How much did European waters warfare cost?

Answer 6

£161,000

Question 7

How was England’s navy successful prior to 1588?

Answer 7

• lords lieutenants had been training the supply of arms since 1533, all able bodied men were viable for training
• the army assembled in 1588 consisted of 27,000 infantry, 2500 cavalry and 14,000 sailors
• 54 men of war and 140 merchant ships filled with guns

Question 8

How was England’s navy not successful prior to 1588?

Answer 8

English army had not fought a sustained campaign since 1547-50 in Scotland

Question 9

How was Spain’s navy successful prior to 1588?

Answer 9

• had a permanent standing army
• was properly supplied with medical care, marriage allowances and welfare
• fleet of 8000 sailors and 19,000 soldiers

Question 10

How was Spain’s navy not successful prior to 1588?

Answer 10

• majority of their soldiers were limited to Mediterranean sailing in good weather
• ships tended to be taller and more awkward, with artillery having a smaller range