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A-Level History - Tudors > 6 - Religion, Humanism, Arts and Learning > Flashcards

6 - Religion, Humanism, Arts and Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the hierarchy of the Church impact daily life?

A

Pope = referenced in mass, would know who they were but no personal relationship, needed approval for divorce
Cardinals = a representative of the Pope
Archbishops = Canterbury and York
Bishops = in charge of a diocese

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2
Q

Guilds and Confraternities

A

voluntary associations created to promote Christian works of charity

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3
Q

Erastian

A

belief that state should have authority over Church

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4
Q

Grace

A

pure state you need to be in to enter heaven

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5
Q

Penance

A

sought forgiveness for sins

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6
Q

Transubstantiation

A

during mass, the bread and wine completely become body and blood of Christ

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7
Q

Benefactor

A

someone who donates to the Church

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8
Q

Chantries

A

a chapel where masses for the souls of the dead took place

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9
Q

Anticlericalism

A

opposition to the Church’s role in political and other non-religious matters

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10
Q

Laity

A

those who weren’t priests or part of religious order

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11
Q

What does Duffy argue about the medieval Catholic Church?

A
  • had influence and people were loyal to it
  • not decaying or breaking down
  • adjustable and adaptable
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12
Q

How did religion impact geography?

A
  • sections divided up into diocese
  • lives revolved around your town
  • controlled by your bishop
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13
Q

How did the liturgy impact daily life?

A
  • would be attending mass
  • not working on religious holidays
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14
Q

How did religion impact social life?

A
  • your leisure life would be at church
  • monasteries provide work and charity
  • guilds promote Christianity and provide money
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15
Q

How did the doctrine impact daily life?

A
  • had to fufil the sacraments to purge sins
  • baptism, marriage, confirmation etc.
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16
Q

What evidence is there that the laity wanted reform of the Church by 1509? - STRONGLY DISAGREE

A
  • by 1500, primers were the most common books mentioned in lay wills
  • only 1/4 - 1/3 of priests wee appointed by bishops, mostly voted
  • 2182 chantries in 20 counties in the North
  • 2/3 of parish churches saw substantial rebuilding in the 150 years prior to the Reformation
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17
Q

What evidence is there that the laity wanted reform of the Church by 1509? - PARTIALLY DISAGREE

A
  • only 7 claims that priests did not preach or visit the sick
  • out of 250 parishes in Canterbury, only 14 tithe suits in 1482
  • 85 families establishes chantries in late 14th/15th century
  • 95% of wills in Norwich from 1370-1532 made bequests to Church
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18
Q

What evidence is there that the laity wanted reform of the Church by 1509? - PARTIALLY AGREE

A
  • tithes caused friction between people and church especially in London
  • many bishops and senior clergy claimed the church needed change
  • individual cases of greed and misconduct, but small considering 8000 parishes
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19
Q

What evidence is there that the laity wanted reform of the Church by 1509? - STRONGLY AGREE

A
  • reformation faced little opposition
  • causes of clergy being assaulted by common people
  • lawyers attempted to reclaim business they believed was theirs
20
Q

What was heresy?

A
  • actively going against the Church
  • if you were accused, burnt on stake as your soul cannot rise so you go to hell
21
Q

What was lollardy?

A

founded by John Wycliff, Oxford Uni theologian
- a type of heresy
- attacked indulgence, saints, pilgrims, monasteries

22
Q

What evidence in lollard literature shows it was widespread?

A

30 surviving manuscripts that contain 204 sermons that reference Wycliff’s teachinga

23
Q

What evidence in lollard literature shows it was widespread?

A

30 surviving manuscripts that contain 204 sermons that reference Wycliff’s teachinga

24
Q

What evidence in lollard literature shows it was not widespread?

A

After 1420, very little produced before 1530

25
Q

What evidence in numbers accused shows lollardy was widespread?

A

1506 - 60 from Amersham accused of heresy

26
Q

What evidence in numbers accused shows lollardy was not widespread?

A

A very small proportion of the population

27
Q

What evidence in geographical spread shows lollardy was widespread?

A

York, Norwich, Bristol 1511-13

28
Q

What evidence in numbers accused shows lollardy was not widespread?

A

No heresy in Wales, Durham and Chichester

29
Q

Desiderus Erasmus

A
  • Catholic
  • Handbook of a Christian soldier, guidance of a priest not necessary
  • Praise of Folly, did not like pope as head of Church
  • hated cardinals
  • explained 800 sayings from latin
30
Q

John Colet

A
  • Catholic
  • study of bible = holiness
  • didn’t like indulgence or idolatry
  • wanted translated texts
31
Q

Thomas more

A
  • catholic
  • disagreed with practices
  • executed in 1535 for not claiming Henry as head of church
32
Q

What were Luther’s ideas?

A
  • justification through faith alone
  • no free will
  • attacked popes and monastries
  • people have access to texts themselves
33
Q

What were the similarities between Luther and the Humanists?

A
  • disagreed with indulgence and abuse
  • critical of some practice
  • people should interpret church themselves
34
Q

What were the differences between Luther and the Humanists?

A
  • Luther wanted a diff church, Humanists wanted to reform current
  • Erasmus and Luther criticised each other on free will
  • Luther and More disagree on Pope
35
Q

How did religious houses provide enclosure?

A

obligation to remain inside monastery

36
Q

How did religious houses provide accomodation?

A

food and shelter

37
Q

How did religious houses provide education?

A

centres of reading and writing

38
Q

How did religious houses provide charity?

A

helping poor, hospitals, providing employment

39
Q

How many religious houses were there in England by 1509?

A

850

40
Q

What evidence was there that religious houses need to reform?

A
  • some houses were not regularly being inspected every 3 years
  • enclosure was often breached, monks had people come in, ex. Abbot Wallingford
  • Bishop John Islip sat on royal council, influenced the king
41
Q

What evidence was there that religious houses did not need reform?

A
  • 2/3 of churches had been rebuilt in the last 100 years
  • 502 monasteries, 9/10,000 in religious life
  • fountains abbey’s numbers doubled from 1440-1520
    -‘boring’ was the most common complaint
42
Q

Developments in education

A
  • 53 grammar schools from 1460-1509
  • latin studied in a humanistic way from 1480s
43
Q

Developments in drama

A
  • most popular art form
  • plays at Bishop’s stortford 1490
  • festive occasions in churches
44
Q

developments in music

A
  • Eton choir book, 1505 of 93 musical compositions
  • carols popular
  • Thomas Browne, earl of Oxford
45
Q

developments in architecture

A
  • Gothic perpendicular style
  • 1502, approved for Lady Chapel at Westminister abbey by Henry VII

A-Level History - Tudors (27 decks)

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