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A-Level History - Tudors > 13 and 14 - Edward VI > Flashcards

13 and 14 - Edward VI Flashcards

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1
Q

What government legacy did Henry leave for Edward?

A
  • balanced Privy Council
  • Gardiner expelled, lent more Protestant
  • 16 councillors to rule on behalf of Edward until 18
  • ‘devise and ordain’ what they thought best
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2
Q

What were the similarities between Henry and Edward’s upbringings?

A
  • separate from fathers
  • raised by women
  • obsession with 100 years war
  • distrusting and vindictive
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3
Q

What were the differences between Henry and Edward’s upbringings?

A
  • Henry grew up with his female family
  • Edward raised to be king
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4
Q

When was Northumberland in power?

A

1550-1553

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5
Q

When was Somerset in power?

A

1547-49

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6
Q

Was Somerset fit to rule?

A
  • March 1537 member of privy council
  • 1540s, experience in diplomacy and battle
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7
Q

Was Northumberland fit to rule?

A
  • Master of the Horse to Anne of Cleeves
  • crushed Kett’s Rebellion 1549
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8
Q

How did Edward exercise influence?

A

Foreign Policy - interest in Hapsburg Valois wars
Economy - wrote about inflation

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9
Q

Evidence Edward had no role in government under Somerset

A
  • much of his time in education
  • ruled by dry stamp
  • issued proclamations, over 70 in 3 years
  • Micheal Stanhope
  • meetings in Somerset house
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10
Q

Evidence Edward had a role in government under Somerset

A
  • when Edward goes against, there is no hope in 1549
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11
Q

Evidence Edward had no role in government under Northumberland

A
  • did not allow him in foreign policy
  • John Gates had a dry stamp, one of his supporters
  • John Gates watched over
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12
Q

Evidence Edward had a role in government under Northumberland

A
  • attending privy council meetings by 1551
  • setting agendas by 1552
  • council decided he could reach majority at 16
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13
Q

September 1547

A

Battle of Pinkie
- Henry II sends 4000 soldiers to Scotland in June
- Somerset launches invasion
- they must return to London, domestic problems

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14
Q

1547-49 Garrisons

A
  • Somerset establishes 25 garrisons and planned 24 more, inspired by Henry VIII
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15
Q

June 1548

A

10,000 French troops arrive in Scotland
- garrisons unworkable, troops organised by Henry II
- domestic problems at home meant troops had to be brought back

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16
Q

August 1549

A

France declare war on England
- Haddinton is besieged

England removed troops from Scotland
- had already withdrawn from Boulonge

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17
Q

March 1550

A

Treaty of Boulogne
- marriage between Edward and Henry II’s daughter
- defensive alliance largely organised by Northumberland
- no longer required to pay French Pension and £133,333 paid for port

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18
Q

April 1550

A

Reorganised Scottish border policy
- Northumberland organised and made himself General of the North
- by 1552, borders had returned to normal after pressure from France

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19
Q

July 1551

A

Treaty of Angers
- Edward becomes engaged to Elizabeth of France

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20
Q

Autumn 1551

A

Charles considers invasion of England
- Northumberland’s turn towards Protestantism angered Charles, cousin of Mary

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21
Q

How did Somerset impact finance?

A
  • Vagrancy Act 1547, out of work for 3 days into slavery for 2 years
  • spent £580,000 on Scotland
  • 5% sheep tax in 1549
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22
Q

How did Northumberland impact finance?

A
  • did not continue anti enclosure
  • told people to trust debasement
  • returns Boulogne for £133,333
  • sold crown lands for £100,000
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23
Q

Thomas Gresham

A
  • Lord Treasurer 1550
  • paid off Antwerp debts in 2 years
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24
Q

What did the First Book of Common Prayer do?

A
  • services in English
  • communion in both kinds
  • clerical marriage allowed
  • holy days
  • transubstantiation
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25
Q

What did the Second Book of Common Prayer do?

A
  • established Eucharist in spiritual
  • vestments banned
  • altars for communion tables
  • restrictions on church music
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26
Q

Eucharist

A

1549 - yes
1553 - in line with Calvinist belief of spiritual

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27
Q

What was the foreign policy situation in 1547?

A
  • Treaty of Greenwich marriage between Edward and MQS
  • victorious in Scotland but did not take advantage
  • Habsburg-Valois war between France and HRE
  • Auld alliance still intact
28
Q

How could Charles V impact foreign policy?

A
  • Charles could invade to restore Catholicism
  • England needed an alliance against Spain and France
  • Charles could provide mercenaries
29
Q

How could Henry II impact foreign policy?

A
  • held prisoner by Charles V as a child
  • had removed Mary QoS from Scotland in 1548
  • had ruined Somerset’s garrison
  • major European figure
30
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in July 1547?

A
  1. Royal Visitation - commissioners to examine clergy
  2. Book of Homilies - book of Protestant sermons written by Cramner and one supporting Lutheran beliefs, almost all Parishes by end of 1549
  3. Royal Injunctions - preach in English, English bibles and Protestant literature, superstitious images removed
31
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in Nov-Dec Parliament 1547?

A
  1. Chantries Act - revived from Henry’s last Parliament, claimed them and condemned prayer for the dead
  2. Act of Six Articles repealed, no official doctrine
  3. Treason Act repealed - removed heresy laws
32
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in 1548?

A
  1. Jan-March - proclamations asserting that Transubstantiation was still in force
  2. Feb - all images removed
  3. April - proclamation that only clergy can preach
  4. Sep - proclamation that only clergy can preach until new liturgy introduced
  5. Dec - First BoCP
33
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in 1549?

A
  1. Jan - Act of Uniformity, CP becomes the liturgy
  2. Nov - Parliament removes all laws against clerical marriage
  3. Dec - Proclamation to destroy all remaining images
34
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in 1550?

A
  1. Jan - new reformed ordinal
  2. Nov - removal of stone altars for wooden ones
35
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in 1552?

A
  1. Jan - New Treason Act, offence to question royal supremacy
  2. Jan - Second CBoP
  3. April - Second act of Uniformity, enforced 2nd
  4. Nov - 42 Articles submitted, issued June 1553 but never law
36
Q

What religious reforms were introduced in 1553?

A

Short catechism produced without Parliamentary approval, manual for teaching Church beliefs

37
Q

How were parishes compliant with religious reforms?

A
  • Barking sold off 6 candlesticks dutifully
  • Kent and Smarden sold chalices to purchase new cloth
38
Q

How were parishes disobediant with religious reforms?

A
  • by 1552, Rayleigh still had 2 dozen vestments and altars
  • in 1550 some clergy in Kent excommunicated as they delayed removal of altars
39
Q

How were parishes partial with religious reforms?

A
  • Wycombe concealed 3 sets of vestments
  • Flawford hid images in floorboards, but not discovered until the 18th century
40
Q

What is the Catholic evidence from the Church warden’s accounts?

A
  • 1547 Trychay recorded that he distributed vestments among the farmers to avoid suspicion
  • Trychay rejoiced at Mary’s return
41
Q

What is the Catholic evidence from the wills?

A
  • wills would often reference saints
  • widows and spinsters only made up 8-10% of wills, small demographic
42
Q

Where did the Western Rebellion take place?

A

Devon and Cornwall - same location as Cornish Rebellion

43
Q

How did the Western Rebellion start?

A

Religious grievances and resentment over sheep tax

44
Q

What was Sheep Tax?

A

Deterred the conversion of arable land to pasture, often enclosure

45
Q

6th June - Western Rebellion

A

Formation of rebel camp near Bodin under Humphrey Arundell, built on anger that lead to the murder of William Body

46
Q

11th June - Western Rebellion

A

Priest is persuaded by rebels in Stamford Courtenay to deliver a Catholic Mass

47
Q

20th June - Western

A

Rebel camps converge on Crediton, army of 2000

48
Q

21st June - Western

A

Dispute between rebels and Sir Peter Carew, who only aggravates the situation when one of his servants set fire to a barn

49
Q

23rd June - Western

A

Army moves to Clyst St Mary near Exeter and Lord Russell is only provided with a small army as there were also Midland riots, Somerset only has 1000 men and 700 horsemen at his disposal

50
Q

2nd July - Western

A

The rebels besiege Exeter for 6 weeks

51
Q

8th July - Western

A

Russell fails again

52
Q

28th July - Western

A

Russell advances on rebels, helped by reinforcements from Lord Grey on 3rd August

53
Q

4th August - Western

A

rebels defeated at Clyst, 6000 rebels

54
Q

6th August - Western

A

Russell relieves Exeter and reinforcements under Herbert arrive

55
Q

16th August - Western

A

Rebels in Sampford Courtenay defeated and did not end until 3000 executed. Robert Welsh (assumed leader) is executed on his church tower

56
Q

What was the background of Kett’s rebellion?

A
  • located in East Anglia, most densely populated and industrialised part of the country
  • Norwich had population of 16,0000
  • collapse of cloth industry meant many were out of work
  • enclosure affecting many small farmers
57
Q

What were the trigger causes of Kett’s Rebellion?

A
  • 6th to the 8th July, community around Wydmondham gather for a local feast
  • anger spills over and enclosure fences are broken, such as Flowerdew
  • local lawyer who was unpopular as he was pulling down a local abbey
58
Q

How did the Kett’s Rebellion start?

A
  • Flowerdew encourages rebels to attack Kett’s land, but Kett joins rebellion
  • leading figures were yeoman farmers and local landowners
  • 10th July, rebels reached Norwich
  • 12th July, rebels camp at Mousehold Heath with a crowd of 16,000
59
Q

What was the local reaction to Kett’s?

A
  • gentry were powerless against such a well established force
  • Norwich authority tried to keep good relations
60
Q

First Government response to Ketts

A

21st July York Herald offers a pardon to rebels, but Kett rejects it despite popularity

61
Q

The Descent into Bloodshed

A
  • rebels fetch cannons from costal defences
  • 22nd July, rebels take Norwich and herald flees to London
62
Q

The government’s first attempt at suppression

A
  • Somerset sends army of 1800 under Marquis of Northampton to cut off rebel supply lines
  • 30th July they arrive and offer pardon which only 20 accept
  • armies attack, rebels successfully recaptured Norwich
63
Q

Full Scale Rebellion

A
  • Northampton retreats to London
  • troops taken from Scottish border to help and mercenaries employed
  • Northumberland arrives with 12,000 men outside Norwich 23rd August
64
Q

Government Suppression

A
  • 26th August, Kett abandons the rebellion
  • Northumberland’s army is bolstered by 1000 mercenaries
  • 27th August, carnage and 3000 rebels slaughtered and Kett arrested
65
Q

Aftermath of Ketts

A
  • Kett hung for Treason 26th November
  • Northumberland makes sure the rebels are dealt with lawfully, with only 49 clear executions

A-Level History - Tudors (27 decks)

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