8 - Head & Neck - Autonomic Innervation Flashcards
Is the ANS part of the central or peripheral nervous system?
Peripheral nervous system
Name the 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck:
1) Ciliary
2) Pterygopalatine
3) Submandibular
4) Otic
Which cranial nerves do the parasympathetic fibres hitch-hike on, to reach their target organs?
Preganglionic: III, VII, IX, X
Postganglionic: V
Where do the parasympathetic nerves to the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary body originate from?
Edinger-Westphal nuclei
Brainstem
The parasympathetic nerves from the Edinger-Westphal nuclei hitch-hike on which cranial nerves? What are their target tissues?
Preganglionic = CN III Postganglionic = CN V
Ciliary body
Sphincter pupillae
What effect do the parasympathetic nerves have on the eye?
1) Constrict pupil
2) Accomadation reflex = allows near vision
Where do the parasympathetic nerves to the lacrimal, nasal, submandibular and sublingual glands originate from?
Superior salivary nuclei
Brainstem
The parasympathetic nerves from the Superior salivary nuclei hitch-hike on which cranial nerves?
Preganglionic = CN VII Postganglionic = CN V
Where is the parasympathetic ciliary ganglion located?
Bony orbit
- Between lateral rectus + optic nerve
Where is the parasympathetic pterygopalatine ganglion located?
Pterygopalatine fossa
Where is the parasympathetic submandibular ganglion located?
Inferior to Lingual nerve
Where is the parasympathetic otic ganglion located?
Inferior to foramen ovale
What effect do the parasympathetic nerves have on the salivary and lacrimal glands?
Increase secretion
Where do the parasympathetic nerves to the parotid gland originate from?
Inferior Salivary nuclei
Brainstem
The parasympathetic nerves from the inferior salivary nuclei hitch-hike on which cranial nerves?
Preganglionic = CN IX Postganglionic = CN V
Where do the parasympathetic nerves to the smooth muscle and glands of the trachea, bronchi and GI tract originate from?
Dorsal motor nuclei
Brainstem
The parasympathetic nerves from the dorsal motor nuclei hitch-hike on which cranial nerve?
CN X
The parasympathetic nerves to the head and neck originate from which nuclei in the brainstem?
1) Edinger-Westphal nuclei
2) Superior salivary nuclei
3) Inferior salivary nuclei
4) Dorsal motor nuclei
The sympathetic fibres to the head and neck originate from which vertebral level? At which ganglion of the sympathetic chain do they synapse?
T1
T2
Superior cervical ganglion (C1/2 level)
What are the target tissues of the sympathetic nerves to the head and neck?
- Superior tarsal muscle
- Dilator pupillae
- Sweat glands
- Blood vessels
- Nasal glands
- Salivary glands
Describe the route of the sympathetic nerves from the superficial cervical ganglion to the superior tarsal muscle:
- Wind around internal carotid artery into the skull (to cavernous sinus)
- Joins CN III to superior tarsal muscle
What is the function of the sympathetic nerve which hitch-hikes on CN III?
Helps elevate eyelid
- Superior tarsal muscle
Describe the route of the sympathetic nerves from the superficial cervical ganglion to the dilator pupillae muscle:
- Wind around internal carotids artery into the skull (to cavernous sinus)
- Joins on CN V to dilator pupillae muscle
What is the function of the sympathetic nerve which hitch-hikes on CN V?
Pupillary dilation
- Dilator pupillae muscle
