Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA4 > 16 - Head + Neck - Pharynx > Flashcards

16 - Head + Neck - Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx extends from the base of the skull to which vertebral level?

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx, and their associated vertebral levels?

A 
C1 = Nasopharynx
C2-3 = Oropharynx
C3-6 = Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the inferior border of the nasopharynx?

A

Soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the oropharynx?

A

Sup: Soft palate
Inf: Sup. border of the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the laryngopharynx?

A

Sup: Sup. border of the epiglottis
Inf: Inf. border of cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of epithelium lines the naso-, oro- and laryngo-pharynx?

A

Naso- Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium + goblet cells
Oro- Stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngo- Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the piriform fossae?

A

Small depressions either side of the laryngeal inlet

- Common site of trapped food and cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which muscles elevate the larynx during swallowing?

A
  • Suprahyoids

- Longitudinal pharyngeals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main functions of the internal longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • Shorten and widen pharynx

- Elevate larynx during phonation + swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the internal longitudinal muscles of the pharynx:

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main function of the outer circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

Contract sequentially to propel food into oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the outer circular muscles of the pharynx:

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior pharyngeal constrictors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Killian’s dehiscence is an area of weakness between which pharyngeal muscles?
What is the clinical relevance of this?

A
  • Between the 2 muscle belly’s of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Pharyngeal mucosa can herniate through weakness to form a pharyngeal pouch, resulting in dysphagia, regurgitation and halitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is a pharyngeal pouch a ‘false’ diverticulum?

A

It does not contain all layers of the pharynx (mucosa only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which nerve innervates all the pharyngeal muscles except one? What is the exception?

A

CN X

Exception = Stylopharyngeus = CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nerves give sensory fibres to the pharynx?

A 
Naso- = CN V2
Oro- = CN IX
Laryngo- = CN X
17
Q

What implications can the adenoids cause if they become chronically inflamed?

A
  • Mouth breathing
  • Snoring
  • Nasal tone to speech
  • Otitis media (block ET)
18
Q

What is the arterial supply to the palatine tonsils?

A

Facial artery (tonsillar branch)

19
Q

What structures are vulnerable during a tonsillectomy?

A
  • Facial artery (tonsillar branch)
  • Internal Carotid artery
  • CN IX
20
Q

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?

A

1) Oral
2) Pharyngeal
3) Oesophageal

21
Q

What is the function of the supra- and infrahyoid muscles during swallowing?

A

Suprahyoids contract:

  • Elevate larynx
  • Close epiglottis
  • Protect airways

Infrahyoids partially contract to stabilise actions of suprahyoids.

22
Q

Which lymph nodes would you expect to be swollen if a patient had tonsillitis? Describe their location:

A

Jugulo-digastric

- Posterior and inferior to the angle of the mandible

23
Q

What causes ‘glue ear’ and why does this predispose to ear infections?

A
  • Eustachian tube dysfunction (^adenoids, tumour, allergens)
  • Middle ear cannot equalise with atmospheric P
  • Middle ear cells absorb N2 + O2 = negative P
  • Causes accumulation of transudate
  • Favourable environment for bacteria
24
Q

Which layer of cervical fascia envelops the thyroid gland?

A

Pre-tracheal fascia

25
Q

The thyroid gland sits at which vertebral levels?

A

C5 - T1

26
Q

Why does the thyroid gland move during swallowing?

A

It is connected to the Cricoid cartilage via dense connective tissue

27
Q

The thyroid gland lies deep to which infra-hyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid

- Sternothyroid

28
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the thyroid:

A
  • Sup. poles = Sup. Thyroid arteries

- Inf. poles = Inf. Thyroid arteries

29
Q

What are the main complications of a Thyroidectomy?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Injured recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Injured superior laryngeal nerve
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Infection
30
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate hyoid bone = elevates larynx to allow swallowing

31
Q

Is digastric a supra- or infrahyoid muscle? Name the nerve which innervates it:

A

Suprahyoid muscle

CN V3

32
Q

What are the origins and insertion of the digastric muscle?

A

Origins:

  • Ant. belly = Digastric fossa of mandible
  • Post. belly = Mastoid process

Insertion: Hyoid bone

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of omohyoid?

A

Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Hyoid

34
Q

Is omohyoid a supra- or infrahyoid muscle? Name the nerve that innervates it:

A

Infrahyoid

Ansa cervicalis C1-C3

ESA4 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions