11 - Repro - Pelvic floor Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the pelvic floor?

A
  • Closes the abdominal cavity
  • Supports pelvic organs
  • Contributes to continence
  • Contributes to childbirth
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2
Q

Name the muscles which form the pelvic diaphragm:

A
Coccygeus
Levator ani:
 - Puborectalis
 - Pubococcygeus
 - Iliococcygeus
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3
Q

The anterior perineum is described as a ‘triangular sandwich’. Which structures form this sandwich?

A
  • Fascia
  • Sphincter urethrae
  • Perineal membrane
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4
Q

If the urethra ruptures beneath the perineal membrane, where will urine collect?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply to the pelvic floor?

A
  • Pudendal A’s
  • Vaginal A’s
  • Inferior Rectal A’s
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6
Q

Which nerves innervate the pelvic floor?

A

Pudendal nerves

S2, 3, 4, keep your guts off the floor

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7
Q

How does the pelvic floor help maintain rectal continence?

A

Sphincter mechanism of puborectalis maintains angle ~ 80’ between rectum and anus

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8
Q

Describe the location of the perineal body:

A
  • @ midpoint of line joining ischial tuberosities

@ junction of anterior and posterior perineum

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9
Q

Which structures attach to the perineal body?

A
  • Anal sphincters
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superficial transverse perineal muscles
  • Levator ani
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10
Q

List some risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (ie incontinence/prolapse):

A
  • Age
  • Childbirth
  • Menopause
  • Obesity
  • Chronic cough
  • Intrinsic connective tissue laxity
  • Malnutrition
  • Previous pelvic surgery
  • Increased intra-abdominal pressure
  • Chronic constipation
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11
Q

Why are people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome at increased risk of pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Intrinsic connective tissue laxity due to defects in collagen formation

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12
Q

How can a midline tear (and potential damage to anal sphincter) be avoided during childbirth?

A

Episiotomy

= Mediolateral cut 45-60’ to R side of vagina

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13
Q

Name a safe, easy, non-invasive treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction:

A

Pelvic floor exercises - ‘kegel exercises’

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14
Q

What are some side effects of continence/prolapse surgery?

A
  • Recurrence
  • Voiding difficulty
  • New incontinence
  • Dyspareunia
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