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ESA4 > 4 - Head & Neck - Development (Pharyngeal arches) > Flashcards

4 - Head & Neck - Development (Pharyngeal arches) Flashcards

1
Q

After how many weeks after fertilisation do the pharyngeal arches appear?

A

~ 4 weeks

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2
Q

What type of tissue covers the external surface of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What type of tissue covers the internal surface of the pharygeal arches?

A

Endoderm

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4
Q

What type of tissue/cells form the ‘filling’ of the pharyngeal arches? (between the ectoderm and endoderm)

A
  • Mesenchyme tissue (mesoderm)

- Neural crest cells (originate from neuroectoderm)

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5
Q

What happens to the pharygeal clefts between the arches (outer surface)?

A

The 2nd arch grows down and obliterates the other clefts, such that only the 1st cleft (between arches 1+2) remains

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6
Q

What is the name given to the grooves between the pharyngeal arches on the outer surface (ectoderm)?

A

Pharyngeal clefts

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7
Q

What is the name given to the grooves between the pharyngeal arches on the inner surface (endoderm)?

A

Pharyngeal pouches

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8
Q

Which pharyngeal arch is the biggest?

A

1st arch (has 2 prominences)

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9
Q

How many pharyngeal arches do we have?

A

Theoretically 6, but the 5th does not form in humans. They are numbered 1-4, 6.

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10
Q

Which arteries are associated with pharyngeal arches 1-3?

A
  • Common carotid
  • External carotid
  • Internal carotid
    + Branches
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11
Q

The common, external and internal carotid arteries are associated with which pharyngeal arches?

A

1-3

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12
Q

Which arteries are associated with the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Aortic arch on L

- Subclavian artery on R

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13
Q

Which arteries are associated with the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A
  • Pulmonary arteries
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14
Q

Which cranial nerves are the pharyngeal arches associated with?

A
  • CN V Trigeminal
  • CN VII Facial
  • CN IX Glossopharyngeal
  • CN X Vagus
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15
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

CN X Vagus

6th arch = Recurrent laryngeal branch

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16
Q

What structures are each pharyngeal arch associated with?

A
  • Aortic arch
  • Vein
  • Cranial nerve
  • Cartilage bar
17
Q

Name the cartilage bar which develops from the 1st pharyngeal arch. What are its derivatives?

A
  • Meckels cartilage

- Mandible, Malleus, Incus

18
Q

What are the derivatives of the cartilage bars which form from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid
  • Arytenoids
  • Cricoid
19
Q

From which pharyngeal arch do the muscles of mastication and the digastric muscle derive?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

20
Q

From which pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expression derive?

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

21
Q

From which pharyngeal arch do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx derive?

A

6th pharyngeal arch

22
Q

What is the derivative of the 1st pharyngeal cleft?

A

External auditory meatus

23
Q

If remnants of pharyngeal clefts other than the 1st one remain, cysts and fistulae may develop along the border of which muscle?

A

Anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid

24
Q

What is the derivative of the 1st pharyngeal pouch?

A

Eustachian tube and middle ear cavity

25
Q

What is the derivative of the 2nd pharyngeal pouch?

A

Palatine tonsil

26
Q

What are the derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?

A

Inferior parathyroid glands

Thymus

27
Q

What are the derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal pouch?

A

Superior parathyroid glands

C cells of Thyroid gland

28
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 1st pharyngeal pouch?

A

CN V3

29
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 2nd pharyngeal pouch?

A

CN VII

30
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?

A

CN IX

31
Q

What are the derivatives of the cartilage bar in pharyngeal arch 2?

A
  • Stapes
  • Styloid process
  • Part of Hyoid
32
Q

What is the derivative of the cartilage bar in pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Part of Hyoid

33
Q

From which pharyngeal arch does the cricothyroid and pharyngeal constrictor muscles derive?

A

4th pharyngeal arch

ESA4 (36 decks)

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