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ESA4 > 12 - Repro - Infections > Flashcards

12 - Repro - Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 most common STI’s affecting the UK:

A

1) Genital warts
2) Chlamydia
3) Genital herpes
4) Gonorrhoea
5) Syphilis

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2
Q

Name the organism which causes genital warts:

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

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3
Q

Name the organism which causes Chlamydia:

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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4
Q

Name the organism which causes Genital herpes:

A

Herpes simplex virus

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5
Q

Name the organism which causes Gonorrhoea:

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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6
Q

Name the organism which causes Syphilis:

A

Treponema palladium

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7
Q

List some causes of genital ulceration:

A
  • Syphilis
  • Chancroid
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • Donovanosis
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Herpes zoster virus
  • Molloscum contagiosum
  • Carcinoma
  • Trauma
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8
Q

What is the name of the organism which causes Lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of urethritis?

A

Dysuria +/- discharge

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10
Q

List some causes of urethritis:

A
  • N. gonorrhoea
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Mycoplasma
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Herpes papilloma virus
  • UTI
  • Syphilis
  • Physical/chemical trauma
  • Urethral stricture
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11
Q

What are the symptoms of vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis?

A
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Odour
  • Itch
  • Dyspareunia
  • Soreness
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12
Q

What is the most common cause of infective vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis?

A

Bacterial vaginitis due to overgrowth of normal flora ie Gardnerella vaginalis

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13
Q

List some non-infective causes of vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis:

A
  • Cervical polyps
  • Neoplasm
  • Retained products ie tampons
  • Chemical irritation
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Lower abdominal pain
  • Deep dyspareunia
  • Discharge
  • Bleeding
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15
Q

Which organisms often contribute to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoea
  • Gardnerella vaginalis
  • Mycoplasma
  • Other anaerobes
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16
Q

What name is given to the infective form of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Elementary body

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of a Chlamydia infection?

A

Females:

  • Usually asymptomatic
  • Dysuria
  • Discharge
  • Lower abdominal pain
  • Dyspareunia
  • Abnormal bleeding

Males:
- Usually dysuria + discharge

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18
Q

How do infants with a chlamydia infection usually present?

A

Conjunctivitis

May progress to pneumonia

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19
Q

Apart from the genital tract, what other part of the body is commonly affected by chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Eyes - conjunctivitis common, can lead to blindness

20
Q

What method of specimen collection is used for chlamydia infections?

A
  • Endocervical swab
  • Urethral swab
  • 1st void urine
  • Conjunctival swab
21
Q

What is the main antibiotic used to treat Chlamydia?

A

Adults - Azithromycin

Children - Erythromycin

22
Q

What are the usual symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

Female:
- Usually asymptomatic

Male:

  • Dysuria
  • Discharge
23
Q

What are the symptoms of disseminated gonorrhoea infection?

A
  • Painful joints
  • Tenosynovitis
  • Rash
24
Q

What methods of specimen collection are used to detect gonorrhoea?

A
  • Endocervical swab
  • Urethral swab
  • Rectal swab
  • Pharyngeal swab
  • Urine
25
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrheoa?

A

IM Ceftriaxone

26
Q

Penicillin resistance is most common with which type of STI?

A

Gonorrhoea

27
Q

What is the usual presentation of genital herpes?

A
  • Extensive painful genital ulceration
  • Dysuria
  • Fever
  • Inguinal lymphadenopathy
28
Q

Which common STI can lie latent in the dorsal root ganglia?

A

Genital herpes (Herpes simplex virus)

29
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Aciclovir

30
Q

Which herpes simplex virus most commonly causes genital herpes?

A

HSV2

31
Q

Which human papilloma viruses most commonly cause benign genital wart formation?

A

HPV 6 + 11

32
Q

Which human papilloma viruses most commonly cause oncogenic genital wart formation?

A

HPV 16 + 18

33
Q

What is the presentation of genital warts?

A

Benign, painless, verrucous outgrowths of:

  • Penis
  • Vulva
  • Vagina
  • Cervix
  • Urethra
  • Perianal skin
34
Q

What is the treatment for genital warts?

A

None:
Spontanous resolution <1yr ~ 70%, ,2yrs 90%

Topical podophyllin

Cryotherapy

Surgery

35
Q

The HPV vaccine offered to girls (Gardasil) protects against which human papilloma viruses?

A

HPV 6, 11, 16 + 18

36
Q

Who is most at risk of contracting syphilis?

A

Men (particularly MSM)

37
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Penicillin

38
Q

What type of organism is Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoan

39
Q

Name the organism which causes Trichomoniasis:

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

40
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A
  • Thin, frothy discharge
  • Irritation
  • Dysuria
41
Q

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

42
Q

What are the symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Profuse, white, itchy curd-like discharge

43
Q

What is the treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A
  • Topical azoles/nystatin

- Oral fluconazole

44
Q

What is the symptom of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Little but offensive ‘fishy’ discharge

45
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

ESA4 (36 decks)

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