12 - Repro - Infections Flashcards
Name the 5 most common STI’s affecting the UK:
1) Genital warts
2) Chlamydia
3) Genital herpes
4) Gonorrhoea
5) Syphilis
Name the organism which causes genital warts:
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Name the organism which causes Chlamydia:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Name the organism which causes Genital herpes:
Herpes simplex virus
Name the organism which causes Gonorrhoea:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Name the organism which causes Syphilis:
Treponema palladium
List some causes of genital ulceration:
- Syphilis
- Chancroid
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Donovanosis
- Herpes simplex virus
- Herpes zoster virus
- Molloscum contagiosum
- Carcinoma
- Trauma
What is the name of the organism which causes Lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What are the symptoms of urethritis?
Dysuria +/- discharge
List some causes of urethritis:
- N. gonorrhoea
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Mycoplasma
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Herpes simplex virus
- Herpes papilloma virus
- UTI
- Syphilis
- Physical/chemical trauma
- Urethral stricture
What are the symptoms of vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis?
- Vaginal discharge
- Odour
- Itch
- Dyspareunia
- Soreness
What is the most common cause of infective vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis?
Bacterial vaginitis due to overgrowth of normal flora ie Gardnerella vaginalis
List some non-infective causes of vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis:
- Cervical polyps
- Neoplasm
- Retained products ie tampons
- Chemical irritation
What are the symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
- Pyrexia
- Lower abdominal pain
- Deep dyspareunia
- Discharge
- Bleeding
Which organisms often contribute to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Neisseria gonorrhoea
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Mycoplasma
- Other anaerobes
What name is given to the infective form of chlamydia trachomatis?
Elementary body
What are the symptoms of a Chlamydia infection?
Females:
- Usually asymptomatic
- Dysuria
- Discharge
- Lower abdominal pain
- Dyspareunia
- Abnormal bleeding
Males:
- Usually dysuria + discharge
How do infants with a chlamydia infection usually present?
Conjunctivitis
May progress to pneumonia
Apart from the genital tract, what other part of the body is commonly affected by chlamydia trachomatis?
Eyes - conjunctivitis common, can lead to blindness
What method of specimen collection is used for chlamydia infections?
- Endocervical swab
- Urethral swab
- 1st void urine
- Conjunctival swab
What is the main antibiotic used to treat Chlamydia?
Adults - Azithromycin
Children - Erythromycin
What are the usual symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Female:
- Usually asymptomatic
Male:
- Dysuria
- Discharge
What are the symptoms of disseminated gonorrhoea infection?
- Painful joints
- Tenosynovitis
- Rash
What methods of specimen collection are used to detect gonorrhoea?
- Endocervical swab
- Urethral swab
- Rectal swab
- Pharyngeal swab
- Urine
What is the treatment for gonorrheoa?
IM Ceftriaxone
Penicillin resistance is most common with which type of STI?
Gonorrhoea
What is the usual presentation of genital herpes?
- Extensive painful genital ulceration
- Dysuria
- Fever
- Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Which common STI can lie latent in the dorsal root ganglia?
Genital herpes (Herpes simplex virus)
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
Aciclovir
Which herpes simplex virus most commonly causes genital herpes?
HSV2
Which human papilloma viruses most commonly cause benign genital wart formation?
HPV 6 + 11
Which human papilloma viruses most commonly cause oncogenic genital wart formation?
HPV 16 + 18
What is the presentation of genital warts?
Benign, painless, verrucous outgrowths of:
- Penis
- Vulva
- Vagina
- Cervix
- Urethra
- Perianal skin
What is the treatment for genital warts?
None:
Spontanous resolution <1yr ~ 70%, ,2yrs 90%
Topical podophyllin
Cryotherapy
Surgery
The HPV vaccine offered to girls (Gardasil) protects against which human papilloma viruses?
HPV 6, 11, 16 + 18
Who is most at risk of contracting syphilis?
Men (particularly MSM)
What is the treatment for syphilis?
Penicillin
What type of organism is Trichomonas vaginalis?
Flagellated protozoan
Name the organism which causes Trichomoniasis:
Trichomonas vaginalis
What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?
- Thin, frothy discharge
- Irritation
- Dysuria
What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole
What are the symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Profuse, white, itchy curd-like discharge
What is the treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
- Topical azoles/nystatin
- Oral fluconazole
What is the symptom of bacterial vaginosis?
Little but offensive ‘fishy’ discharge
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole
