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Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) > 8. Family Mycobacteriaceae (I) > Flashcards

8. Family Mycobacteriaceae (I) Flashcards

1
Q

Motility of the family Mycobacteriaceae

A

Nonmotile

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2
Q

What is used to stain Mycobacteria?

A

Ziel-Neelsen

Auromine O stain

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3
Q

Steps in Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining

A 
Carbol fuchsin (1° stain)
HCl (decolorizer)
Methylene blue (counterstain)
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4
Q

Found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria that enables it to retain the carbol fuchsin stain

A

Mycolic acids

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5
Q

Enumerate the bacteria that have mycolic acids in their cell wall in decreasing order of chain length

A

Mycobacteria
Nocardia
Corynebacteria

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6
Q

True/False. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an animal reservoir

A

False. M. tuberculosis is an exclusive human pathogen

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7
Q

An animal pathogen that is closely related to M. tuberculosis that causes a disease in people that is indistinguishable from TB

A

M. bovis

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8
Q

How is M. bovis acquired?

A

Ingestion of infected meat or milk

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9
Q

MOT for M. tuberculosis

A

Aerosol droplets from coughing

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10
Q

Common presentation of TB

A

Chronic pulmonary disease

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11
Q

Nodular structure formed by macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils which triggers an immunologic response

A

Tubercle/granuloma

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12
Q

Immunologic response to M. tuberculosis infection

A

Cellular immunity

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

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13
Q

What can be seen in radiographs of disseminated or miliary TB?

A

“Millet seed”-like lesions

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14
Q

Dissemination of M. tuberculosis organism to the liver, spleen, kidney, bone, brain, meninges, and other parts of the lung with further granuloma formation

A

Disseminated/miliary TB

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15
Q

Skin test for the delayed-type hypersentivity for TB

A

PPD test

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16
Q

Antigen reagent in the PPD test

A

Purified Protein Derivative

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17
Q

Vaccine for TB prophylaxis

A

Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine

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18
Q

Drugs taken after a positive tuberculin test to prevent disease

A

Isoniazid (INH): 6-9 months

Rifampin: 4-9 months

19
Q

M. tuberculosis drug-resistance is due to

A

Mutation

20
Q

How are nontuberculous Mycobacteria acquired?

A

Environmentally acquired

21
Q

MOTT that is commonly associated with HIV-related systemic bacterial infection; pulmonary pathogen much like TB

A

M. avium complex (MAC)

22
Q

MOTT agent of pulmonary disease in compromised hosts (HIV-infected individuals)

A

M. kansasii

23
Q

MOTT agent that causes cutaneous disease from contact with contaminated water

A

M. marinum

24
Q

MOTT agent that causes cervical adenitis in children (contaminated raw milk, soil, daily products)

A

M. scrofulaceum

25
Q

MOTT that causes skin and soft tissue diseases in various hosts

A

M. fortuitum
M. chelonae
M. abscessus

26
Q

MOTT agent that causes leprosy

A

M. leprae

27
Q

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria commonly found in tap water

A

M. gordonae

28
Q

Is M. gordonae pathogenic or nonpathogenic?

A

Nonpathogenic

29
Q

Class of biosafety hood in dealing with AFB

A

Class 2

30
Q

Lab diagnosis of TB

A
  • AFB visible by Ziehl-Neelsen or fluorochrome smears

- recovery by culture (gold standard)

31
Q

Incubation time for Mycobacteria

A

Up to 8 weeks

32
Q

Used for rapid diagnosis of TB

A

Nucleic acid assays (NAA)

33
Q

2 species under M. avium complex (MAC)

A

M. avium

Mycoplasma intracellulare

34
Q

Most commonly isolated AFB among MOTT

A

M. avium complex

35
Q

Colony morphology of M. avium complex

A

Smooth

Cream-colored colonies

36
Q

MOTT that is rapid growing; grows in 7 days or less on solid media

A

M. fortuitum-chelonae complex

37
Q

Staining characteristics of M. fortuitum-chelonae complex

A

Gram-positive cells with diphtheroid-like morphology

38
Q

Other name for leprosy

A

Hansen’s disease

39
Q

Phases of M. leprae infection

A

Silent phase

Intermediate phase

40
Q

Phase of M. leprae infection; multiplication of bacilli

A

Silent phase

41
Q

Phase of M. leprae infection; impairment of sensory and peripheral nerves

A

Intermediate phase

42
Q

Where can M. leprae be grown?

A
  • Footpads of mice
  • Nine-branded armadillos

It cannot be grown on artificial media.

43
Q

Oxygen requirements of the family Mycobacteriaceae

A

Obligate aerobes

Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) (34 decks)

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