Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) > 2. Structure and Metabolism > Flashcards

2. Structure and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Process of reproduction by prokaryotes

A

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Approx length of time of binary fission

A

Approx. 20 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacteria acquire nutrients from the environment through which type of transport?

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Requirements for all bacteria

A
  • carbon source
  • nitrogen source
  • energy source (ATP)
  • trace elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Purpose of carbon source for bacteria

A

For cellular constituents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purpose of nitrogen source for bacteria

A

For proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Purpose of energy source for bacteria

A

To perform cellular tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trace elements required for all bacteria

A 
Iron
Calcium
Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Cobalt
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Magnesium
Potassium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bacteria that lives and grows in air; cannot grow anaerobically

A

Obligate aerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacteria that grows aerobically and anaerobically

A

Facultative anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bacteria that grows better anaerobically, but can tolerate low levels of O2

A

Aerotolerant anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bacteria that only grows anaerobically, poisoned by O2

A

Obligate anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacteria that grows in environments where there is increased CO2 or other enrichments

A

Microaerophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Purpose of bacterial metabolism

A

Production of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Process where glucose is converted into pyruvate

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other names for Fermentation

A

Embden-Meyerhoff pathway

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metabolism in the absence of O2 (anaerobic)

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Net gain in fermentation

A

2 ATP

NADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

End products of Fermentation

A

Pyruvate
NADH
FADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Metabolism under the presence of O2

A

Aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 pathways in aerobic respiration

A 
Krebs cycle (Tricarboxylic acid cycle)
Electron transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fermentation product that enters the Krebs cycle/TCA

A

Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fermentation product(s) that enter the electron transport chain

A

NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

FADH (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Net gain in Aerobic respiration

A

38 ATP (incl. ATP from fermentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
End-products in aerobic respiration
CO2 | H2O
26
Application of fermentation and respiration in the lab
Acid detection Gas detection Alcohol detection
27
General diameter and length of bacteria
0.2 - 2 um diameter | 1 - 6 um length
28
Single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule attached to the cell membrane; contains genetic info to code for products
Chromosome
29
Small, circular double-stranded DNA; may code for antibiotic resistance; can be exchanged between a donor and recipient during conjugation
Plasmids
30
Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
31
A 70s prokaryotic ribosome comprises
A 30s subunit and a 50s subunit
32
Bacterial cell membrane consists of
Proteins | Phospholipids
33
Defines the shape of bacterial cells
Bacterial cell walls
34
Main constituent of bacterial cell walls; sugar molecules linked by small peptide chains
Peptidoglycan
35
True/False. Peptidoglycan can only be found in bacteria
True
36
Differentiate the cell walls of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria have thick layer of peptidoglycan Gram-negative bacteria have much thinner peptidoglycan layer but they have lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inside the cell wall
37
Part of lipopolysaccharide that protrudes from cell surface
O antigen
38
A slimy, gelatinous material produced near the cell membrane and secreted outside of the cell wall
Glycocalyx
39
2 types of glycocalyx
Slime layer | Capsule
40
Bacteria that have a slime layer glycocalyx
Pseudomonas | Staphylococcous
41
Glycocalyx that is not highly organized nor firmly attached to the cell wall
Slime layer
42
Glycocalyx that is highly organized and is firmly attached to the cell wall
Capsule
43
Bacterial capsule is usually made up of what substance?
Polysaccharides which may combine with lipids and proteins
44
Function of capsule
Protects bacteria from engulfment by WBCs
45
Function of glycocalyx
Protects bacteria from antibiotics
46
Enables bacteria to move in liquid environment
Flagella
47
The flagella consists of
Three or more protein appendages twisted together
48
AKA pili
Fimbriae
49
True/false. Pili is associated with motility
False
50
Short, hairlike structures usually on external surface of gram-negative bacteria
Pili
51
2 types of pili
Adherence pili | Sex pili
52
Function of adherence pili
Anchors the bacteria to surfaces
53
Funtion of sex pili
Transfers genetic material
54
The cell possessing a sex pilus is called
Donor cell
55
What is transferred through the sex pilus?
Genetic material (usually a plasmid)
56
Function of spores
Means of survival when moisture or nutrients are low
57
Process of spore formation
Sporulation
58
2 bacterial genera that are spore-formers
Bacillus | Clostridium
59
Bacteria that cause disease are termed
Pathogenic
60
Examples of virulence factors
``` Exotoxins Endotoxins Capsules Pili Other extracellular proteins ```
61
Single-cell organisms lacking membrane-bound nuclei
Prokaryotes

Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions