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Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) > 2. Structure and Metabolism > Flashcards

2. Structure and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Process of reproduction by prokaryotes

A

Binary fission

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2
Q

Approx length of time of binary fission

A

Approx. 20 mins

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3
Q

Bacteria acquire nutrients from the environment through which type of transport?

A

Active transport

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4
Q

Requirements for all bacteria

A
  • carbon source
  • nitrogen source
  • energy source (ATP)
  • trace elements
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5
Q

Purpose of carbon source for bacteria

A

For cellular constituents

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6
Q

Purpose of nitrogen source for bacteria

A

For proteins

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7
Q

Purpose of energy source for bacteria

A

To perform cellular tasks

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8
Q

Trace elements required for all bacteria

A 
Iron
Calcium
Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Cobalt
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Magnesium
Potassium
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9
Q

Bacteria that lives and grows in air; cannot grow anaerobically

A

Obligate aerobe

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10
Q

Bacteria that grows aerobically and anaerobically

A

Facultative anaerobe

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11
Q

Bacteria that grows better anaerobically, but can tolerate low levels of O2

A

Aerotolerant anaerobe

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12
Q

Bacteria that only grows anaerobically, poisoned by O2

A

Obligate anaerobe

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13
Q

Bacteria that grows in environments where there is increased CO2 or other enrichments

A

Microaerophilic

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14
Q

Purpose of bacterial metabolism

A

Production of ATP

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15
Q

Process where glucose is converted into pyruvate

A

Fermentation

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16
Q

Other names for Fermentation

A

Embden-Meyerhoff pathway

Glycolysis

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17
Q

Metabolism in the absence of O2 (anaerobic)

A

Fermentation

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18
Q

Net gain in fermentation

A

2 ATP

NADH2

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19
Q

End products of Fermentation

A

Pyruvate
NADH
FADH

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20
Q

Metabolism under the presence of O2

A

Aerobic respiration

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21
Q

2 pathways in aerobic respiration

A 
Krebs cycle (Tricarboxylic acid cycle)
Electron transport chain
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22
Q

Fermentation product that enters the Krebs cycle/TCA

A

Pyruvate

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23
Q

Fermentation product(s) that enter the electron transport chain

A

NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

FADH (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)

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24
Q

Net gain in Aerobic respiration

A

38 ATP (incl. ATP from fermentation)

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25
Q

End-products in aerobic respiration

A

CO2

H2O

26
Q

Application of fermentation and respiration in the lab

A

Acid detection
Gas detection
Alcohol detection

27
Q

General diameter and length of bacteria

A

0.2 - 2 um diameter

1 - 6 um length

28
Q

Single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule attached to the cell membrane; contains genetic info to code for products

A

Chromosome

29
Q

Small, circular double-stranded DNA; may code for antibiotic resistance; can be exchanged between a donor and recipient during conjugation

A

Plasmids

30
Q

Sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

A 70s prokaryotic ribosome comprises

A

A 30s subunit and a 50s subunit

32
Q

Bacterial cell membrane consists of

A

Proteins

Phospholipids

33
Q

Defines the shape of bacterial cells

A

Bacterial cell walls

34
Q

Main constituent of bacterial cell walls; sugar molecules linked by small peptide chains

A

Peptidoglycan

35
Q

True/False. Peptidoglycan can only be found in bacteria

A

True

36
Q

Differentiate the cell walls of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria

A

Gram-positive bacteria have thick layer of peptidoglycan

Gram-negative bacteria have much thinner peptidoglycan layer but they have lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inside the cell wall

37
Q

Part of lipopolysaccharide that protrudes from cell surface

A

O antigen

38
Q

A slimy, gelatinous material produced near the cell membrane and secreted outside of the cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

39
Q

2 types of glycocalyx

A

Slime layer

Capsule

40
Q

Bacteria that have a slime layer glycocalyx

A

Pseudomonas

Staphylococcous

41
Q

Glycocalyx that is not highly organized nor firmly attached to the cell wall

A

Slime layer

42
Q

Glycocalyx that is highly organized and is firmly attached to the cell wall

A

Capsule

43
Q

Bacterial capsule is usually made up of what substance?

A

Polysaccharides which may combine with lipids and proteins

44
Q

Function of capsule

A

Protects bacteria from engulfment by WBCs

45
Q

Function of glycocalyx

A

Protects bacteria from antibiotics

46
Q

Enables bacteria to move in liquid environment

A

Flagella

47
Q

The flagella consists of

A

Three or more protein appendages twisted together

48
Q

AKA pili

A

Fimbriae

49
Q

True/false. Pili is associated with motility

A

False

50
Q

Short, hairlike structures usually on external surface of gram-negative bacteria

A

Pili

51
Q

2 types of pili

A

Adherence pili

Sex pili

52
Q

Function of adherence pili

A

Anchors the bacteria to surfaces

53
Q

Funtion of sex pili

A

Transfers genetic material

54
Q

The cell possessing a sex pilus is called

A

Donor cell

55
Q

What is transferred through the sex pilus?

A

Genetic material (usually a plasmid)

56
Q

Function of spores

A

Means of survival when moisture or nutrients are low

57
Q

Process of spore formation

A

Sporulation

58
Q

2 bacterial genera that are spore-formers

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

59
Q

Bacteria that cause disease are termed

A

Pathogenic

60
Q

Examples of virulence factors

A 
Exotoxins
Endotoxins
Capsules
Pili
Other extracellular proteins
61
Q

Single-cell organisms lacking membrane-bound nuclei

A

Prokaryotes

Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) (34 decks)

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