27. Anaerobic Gram-positive Bacillus Flashcards
Location of spores produced by Clostridium spp.
Terminal or central
Clostridium spp. that causes gas gangrene and food poisoning
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium spp. that causes tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium spp. that causes botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium spp. that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis
Clostridium difficile
Motility of C. perfringens
Nonmotile
Disease caused by C. perfringens
Gas gangrene
Food poisoning
Motility of C. tetani
Motile
Disease caused by C. tetani
Tetanus
Treatment for gas gangrene caused by C. perfringens
Hyperbaric O2 chamber
Antibiotics
Surgical (debridement)
Treatment of Tetanus
Antitoxin
Prophylaxis for tetanus
Vaccination (toxoid)
Motility of C. botulinum
Motile
Toxin produced by C. botulinum
Botulism neurotoxin (BoTN)
Mechanism of botulism neurotoxin
Blocks Ach release at the neuromuscular junction and causes inhibition of muscle contraction
How to destroy Botulinum toxin in food?
Boiling the food
MOT of infant botulism
Ingestion of food containing spores
Most common food source of C. botulinum spores
Honey
Motility of C. difficile
Motile
Enterotoxins released by C. difficile
A and B
Disease caused by C. difficile
Pseudomembranous colitis/antibiotic-associated colitis
Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Diagnostic tests for pseudomembranous colitis
- immunoassay of stool extract for C. difficile toxins
- colonoscopy showing pathologic findings of pseudomembranous colitis
Microscopic characteristics of Clostridium spp.
Gram-positive bacillus
usually large bacilli
