25. Family Leptospiraceae

Question 1

Causative agent of Lyme disease

Answer 1

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 2

Causative agent of relapsing fever

Answer 2

Borrelia hermsii

Question 3

Causative agent of Syphilis

Answer 3

Treponema pallidum

Question 4

Disease caused by other treponemes other than T. pallidum

Answer 4

Yaws
Pinta
Bejel

Question 5

Genera under the Family Leptospiraceae

Answer 5

Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema

Question 6

Microscopic appearance of Leptospira spp.

Answer 6

Coiled rods with hook

Question 7

Oxygen requirements of Leptospira spp.

Answer 7

Obligate aerobes

Question 8

Specimens cultured for Leptospirosis diagnosis

Answer 8

Blood (early)

Urine (late, >2 weeks)

Question 9

Molecular diagnosis of Leptospirosis

Answer 9

PCR

Question 10

Serological diagnosis of Leptospirosis

Answer 10

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

Question 11

Oxygen requirements of Borrelia spp.

Answer 11

Microaerophilic

Question 12

Optimum temperature for growth of Borrelia

Answer 12

28-30°C

Question 13

Determines the helical shape of Borrelia spp.

Answer 13

Flagella

Flagella-negative mutants are straight bacilli

Question 14

Disease caused by B. burgdorferi

Answer 14

Lyme borreliosis

Question 15

Vectors for Lyme borreliosis

Answer 15

• Ixodes scapularis: deer tick/black-legged tick

- Ixodes pacificus

Question 16

Stages of Lyme disease

Answer 16

Stage 1 (3-30 days)
- 75% develop erythema chronicum migrans

Stage 2 (1-7 months)
- cardiac and neurologic problems

Stage 3 (months to years)
- arthritis

Question 17

Explain the Western Blot diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis

Answer 17

POS IgM: 2 of 3 protein bands

POS IgG: 5 of 10 protein bands

Question 18

Disease caused by T. pallidum

Answer 18

Syphilis

Question 19

MOT of T. pallidum

Answer 19

Direct contact with lesions that contain T. pallidum

Question 20

Stages of syphilis

Answer 20

Primary: chancre
Secondary: rash
Latent
Tertiary: gummas/neurosyphilis

Question 21

Diagnostic test for primary syphilis

Answer 21

Dark-field microscopy

Question 22

Stages of syphilis when it is infectious

Answer 22

Primary
Secondary
Latent (early)

Question 23

Diagnostic tests for secondary syphilis

Answer 23

Dark-field microscopy (early)

Serological tests

Question 24

Diagnosis of tertiary syphilis

Answer 24

Serological tests

Question 25

In utero infection of T. pallidum

Answer 25

Congenital syphilis

Question 26

Manifestations of tertiary syphilis

Answer 26

• gummatous syphilis
• cardiovascular disease
• neurosyphilis

Question 27

Examples of non-treponemal tests

Answer 27

RPR

VDRL

Question 28

Examples of treponemal tests

Answer 28

TP-PA

EIA

Question 29

Stain for all spirochetes

Answer 29

Silver

Question 30

Stain for Borrelia only

Answer 30

Giemsa

Question 31

Causative agent of leptospirosis

Answer 31

Leptospira interrogans