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Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) > 29. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing > Flashcards

29. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Quantitative measure of the susceptibility of a bacterial isolate to an antimicrobial agent

A

MIC

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2
Q

Lowest concentration of antibiotic to kill the bacterial isolate in vitro

A

Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)

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3
Q

Give the standards for broth dilution, agar dilution, and diffusion

A

Broth dilution: 5x10^5 CFU/mL
Agar dilution: 1x10^4 CFU/mL
Diffusion: 1x10^8 CFU/mL

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4
Q

A chemical substance produced by a microorganism that can inhibit the growth or kill other microorganisms

A

Antibiotic

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5
Q

An agent that kills or supresses growth of microorganisms

A

Antimicrobial

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6
Q

Agents that prevent replication but does not kill the target

A

Bacteriostatic

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7
Q

Agents that result to cell death

A

Bacteriocidal

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8
Q

Examples of bacteriostatic agents

A

Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides

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9
Q

Examples of bacteriocidal agents

A

β-lactams
Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Rifampin

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10
Q

Mechanisms of antimicrobial action

A
  • cell wall inhibitors
  • cell membrane inhibitors
  • protein synthesis inhibitors
  • other metabolic pathways inhibitors (folate metabolism)
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11
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A
  • β-lactams
  • carbapenems
  • vancomycin
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12
Q

Examples of β-lactams

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

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13
Q

Examples of carbapenems and monobactams

A

Imipenem
Meropenem
Aztreonam

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14
Q

Antibiotic that works only on growing cells

A

Penicillins

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15
Q

Penicillins are synergistic with

A

Aminoglycosides

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16
Q

Antibiotic that stops transpeptidation which causes the cell wall of bacteria to develop weak stops

A

Penicillins

17
Q

Side effect if imipenem is overdosed

A

CNS toxicity

18
Q

Antibiotics that are broad spectrum, low MICs, but expensive

A

Carbapenems

19
Q

Mechanism of penicillins

A

Binds with penicillin-binding protein which stops transpeptidation

20
Q

Mechanism of action of Vancomycin

A

Stops gram-positive cell wall peptidoglycan chain formation

21
Q

Vancomycin is bactericidal for

A

Staphylococci

Streptococci

22
Q

Vancomycin is bacteriostatic

A

Enterococci

23
Q

Antibiotics that are cell membrane inhibitors

A

Colostin
Amphotericin
Polymyxin

CAP

24
Q

Polymyxin B and Colistin are active against

A

Gram-negative bacteria

25
Q

Mechanism of action of Polymyxin B and Colistin

A

Disrupts the gram-negative cell membrane

26
Q

Specific bacteria that Polymyxin B and Colistin are effective against

A

P. aeruginosa

27
Q

Antibiotics that are DNA/RNA inhibitors

A

Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Rifampin

28
Q

Examples of fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

29
Q

Mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase —> prevents DNA unwinding and blocks DNA synthesis

30
Q

Mechanism of action of Metronidazole

A

Damages DNA and other molecules directly

31
Q

Mechanism of action rifampin

A

Prevents RNA synthesis by inhibiting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

32
Q

Antibiotic that has intracellular activity

A

Rifampin

33
Q

Antibiotics that are protein-synthesis inhibitors

A 
Clindamycin
Linezolid
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Tetracyclines

CLAMQT

34
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Dirithromycin

ACED

35
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides

A

Tobramycin
Amikacin
Neomycin
Gentamicin

TANG

36
Q

Examples of Tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline

DMT

37
Q

Antibiotics that are inhibitors of intermediate metabolism

A

Trimethoprim

Sulfamethoxazole

38
Q

Mechanism of action of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

A

Stops folate synthesis

39
Q

Lowest concentration observed to inhibit growth of the isolate in vitro

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Elsevier Bacteriology (RVSP) (34 decks)

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