8 Flashcards
gluten is made from?
gliadin and glutenin
adding bran decreases the volume of the end product, therefore increase ____ and ____ to compensate
flour and liquid
when substituting sweet and low for sugar in a recipe, use ____
half as much
excess mixing in cakes can cause
overdeveloped glute
tunnels from top to bottom, tough, heavy product
What FTC stands for?
Federal Trade Commission
regulates the content of food ads: enforces truth-in-labeling; challenges product claims when product crosses state lines
What FCC stands for?
Federal Communications Commission
licenses radio and tv
What is a cohort study?
In a cohort study, an outcome or disease-free study population is first identified by the exposure or event of interest and followed in time until the disease or outcome of interest occurs
Sometimes called incidence studies tracking the frequency of new cases of a disease.
Retrospective cohort studies use existing data and look back for a relationship between exposure factors and outcomes.
What is a Quasi-experimental design study?
TIME SERIES - series of measurements at periodic intervals before the program begins and after the program ends.
It shows whether measurements before and after the program are a continuation of previous patterns or whether they indicate a noteworthy change.
Quasi-experiments are studies that aim to evaluate interventions but that do not use randomization.
What are Case-control studies?
Is a type of OBSERVATIONAL study commonly used to look at factors associated with diseases or outcomes.
Focus on a specific disease
those with the disease are compared with a group without the disease, but otherwise similar in characteristics
both groups recall past behaviors, to study how groups differ
What are Cross-sectional studies?
looks at prevalence
one time data collection counting all of the cases of a specific disease among a group of people at a particular time
SNAP-SHOT look at one point in time; describes current, not past nor future events
when screening for a particular condition;
____ = proportion of afflicted individuals who test positive
sensitivity
when screening for a particular condition;
____ = proportion of non-afflicted identified as non-afflicted
specificity
What is a dependent variable?
the dependent variable is outcomes.
effect cholesterol levels (independent) have on heart attacks (dependent)
What is an independent variable?
is what you manipulate in your study.
treatment for diseases are independent variables (you can change the treatment to affect the disease)
What is the median in the sequence below?
12 15 17 19 21 23 24 24 30 32
21 23
What is the mode in the sequence below?
12 15 17 19 21 23 24 24 30 32
24
the repeated number
What is the range in the sequence below?
12 15 17 19 21 23 24 24 30 32
32 minus 12 = 20
the value of r is always between ____ and ____
-1 and 1
The ____ the p value, the higher the significance of your results
lower
____ research asks why and how (subjective)
qualitative
____ research asks how many, how often (objective)
quantitative
What is analytical research?
is a type of research that involves critical thinking and evaluation of information to prove a causal association (cause and effect).
This type of research involves clinical trials, follow-up studies, and case-control studies.
if a child is chronically malnourished, growth parameters will first affect ____, then ____, then ____.
weight, height, head circumference
What is the DRI for carbohydrates? %?
45-65%
What is the DRI for fat?
20-35%
What is the DRI for protein?
10-35%
The ____ is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Its main goals are food security and sustainability.
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
The ____ is an act under DHHS that provides a nutrition incentive program to eligible older Americans; for example, Congregate Meals and Meals on Wheels.
Older Americans Act
The ____ is administered through the CDC and is useful for the study of aging-related to nutrition. It is an ongoing survey that obtains information on the health and nutritional status of the US population by assessing nutritional, clinical, and biochemical parameters. It is used to determine the prevalence of disease and risk factors and is the basis for national standards.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Long-term use of PPI (proton pump inhibitor) leads to ____ loss and consequently ____
pernicious anemia
Methotrexate for cancer can cause ____ and ____
weight loss and folate deficiency
Long-term use of steroids/Prednisone can lead to _____
osteoporosis
This foodservice system has all preparation done in the premises where meals are served, foods are prepared and served the same day (immediate service)
conventional
high labor costs
This foodservice system has the trays set up close to production under common supervision
heated/refrigerated carts: heated pellets
insulated trays: concern is HOW QUICKLY can the tray be delivered
centralized
This foodservice system is used when the distance from the kitchen to the patient is great
Trays are set up in areas separate from production, close to the customer
decentralized
duplication of equipment, employees, supervisors
