18 Flashcards
When creating written material, the SMOG index should be used to keep the reading level at a ____ grade level for audiences for lower literacy and ____ grade level for the general population
6th
8th
HIPAA maintains the privacy of what?
PHI (protected health information)
The ____ regulates the content in food ads
FTC (Federal Trade Commission)
dogmatic is the same as being ____
commanding
This theory states that behavior is learned and can be unlearned. It focuses on identifying behaviors that have a negative impact on desired behaviors and goals
Cognitive Theory Behavior
The repeating number is called ____
mode
The variable that is being controlled by the researchers is the ____
independent variable
A type ____ error occurs when the null is retained, even though it is false. So, it was stated that there was a significant difference when there wasn’t one
2
____ is another name for ecological research
Correlational
What type of study is considered the gold standard?
Randominzed control trial
What study allows a causal (cause and effect) association to be detected?
Randomized Control Trials
____ a specific dz is analyzed
Case-control
____ sampling is non-random as the researcher recruits initial participants, but then those participants recruit further participants
Snowball
____ sampling involves the random selection of a group of participants. For example, picking a neighborhood in a city rather than individuals in a city
Cluster
____ sampling involves dividing the number of people in a population by the sample size needed
Systematic
____ sampling involves creating subsets of non-overlapping possible subjects and then choosing random participants in each subset
Stratified
How to find the range?
Subtracting the smallest from the largest.
When two sample means are being compared, a ___-test would be used, if there were two population means, we would use a ___-test instead
T-test
Z-test
____ statistics allows findings from a sample to be extended to a population
Inferential
____ can result in attitudinal data
focus group
A ____ test is used to determine if an observed frequency is different from an expected proportion.
Chi-Square
____ are small round red/purple spots on the person’s skin due to broken capillary blood vessels. It could be due to vit ___ and vit ___ deficiency.
Petechiae
B3 (Niacin) and vit C
Petechiae could be caused by infections or use of certain medications such as ____
Phenytoin
Name two types of pts who are at higher risk for vit D deficiency
obese pts and darker skin colors
Hard water may ____
lower the risk of CVD
Apricots, prunes, and raisins are high in ____
potassium
Xanthelasma, which are yellow bags underneath the skin (around the eyes) are ____
deposits of cholesterol
“Vitamin D milk” has how many units of vit D added?
400 USP units per quart
Metformin can cause vit ___ def
B12
Tocopherol is also known as vit ___ and is found in ___, ___, ___
E
almonds, avocados, green olives
Cauliflower, oolong tea and cabbage are great sources of ___
goitrogens
Where does vit D become active?
in the kidneys
What is the active form of vit D?
Calcitriol
Liver dz could lead to impaired absorption of ___
vit D
Pts on hemodialysis need to supplement ___ and ___
B vitamins
Vitamin C
What do Lutein and Zeaxanthin do?
they protect the eyes from harmful chemicals
Overexposure to fluoride can result in ___
fluorosis
___ deficiency leads to sexual immaturity and could cause delayed growth problems
zinc
Nyctalopia is also known as ___
night blindness
Name 5 types of fish to avoid when pregnant
shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish, and albacore
How many extra calories do women need in the second trimester?
340 kcal
How many extra calories do women need in the third trimester?
452 kcal
For the first 6 months of life of a newborn, a lactating woman needs to consume ___ extra calories/day
330
For months 6-12, a lactating woman needs ___ extra calories/day
400
Pregnant women with a BMI < 18.5 should gain ___-___ lbs
28-40
There are ___ kcal per ounce of breast milk
20
There are ___ ml per 1 ounce
30
Infants can’t have any ___, ___, ___ before 1 year old
whole milk, orange juice, honey
What fish is high in mercury?
Tilefish
Colostrum has ___ protein and ___ carbohydrates/fat than mature milk
more
less
Milk supply is adequate if an infant gains ___ and ___, and ___-___ wet diapers per day
weight and length
6-8
If the water supply of fluoride is inadequate, ___ mg fluoride/day after the first ___ months is recommended
0.25 mg
6 months
What mineral decreases the most around 3-4 months of age?
iron
A baby should consume, on average, about ___ ounces of formula a day for every pound of their body weight.
2.5
___ results in the production of the catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
Tyrosine
