10 Flashcards
Need to use ____ formula for short bowel syndrome
elemental
if not tolerating EN/elemental feeds, need to do TPN
if jejunum is resected, ____ can still absorb nutrients
ileum
Diet for pancreatitis should be low ____
fat (<20g)
PERT therapy for fat malabsorption
In acute pancreatitis, ASPEN guidelines are to use isotonic, polymeric first, then ____ formula
elemental
Somogyi effect means blood sugar levels are ____ in the middle of the night
low
Dawn phenomenon it’s when blood sugar levels are ____ at dawn or upon waking
high
to prevent have a bedtime snack
The biggest component in care with diabetes type I is using carbohydrate ____
counting
If exercising and utilizing glucose more, insulin may need to be ____ to prevent ____
reduced
hypoglycemia
metformin can cause ___ deficiency
B12
The biggest component of care in diabetes type 2 is using ____ and ____
exchange list
controlling calories
Fasting BG target = 80-130 mg/dL
> 126 is high
H1Ac 6.5 > diabetes (can’t go under 6.5 if you have diabetes)
5.7 - 6.4 pre-diabetes
Protein has ____g of protein per oz
7
protein has 7 letters
Fat has ___g of fat per tsp of oil
5
fatty has 5 letters
carbohydrates have ___g of carbohydrates per serving
15
starches have ____kcal per serving
80
starches has 8 letters
fruits have ___kcal per serving
60
fruits has 6 letters
Veggies have ____ kcal per serving, ___g of pro and ___g of CHO per serving
25 kcal
2g of pro
5g of CHO
(ve-ggies = 2 letters and 5 letters = 25)
Oil has ___ tsp in 1 tbsp
3
oil has 3 letters
In gestational diabetes, a pregnant woman needs ____g of CHO per day
175
In gestational diabetes, a pregnant woman should consume ____g of CHO in the breakfast meal
15-30
1-2 choices
General recommendation for CHO % in gestational diabetes is ____ % - ____ %
35-45
glycemic load means the amount of ____ per serving
carbohydrates
Novolog and Humolog are examples of ____ insulin
rapid-acting
begins to work 15 min after injection
peaks in about an hour
continues to work for 4 hours (15min x 4 = 1 hour)
Regular or short-acting insulin reaches the bloodstream in ___min after injection, peaks anywhere from 2-3 hours after injection and it’s effective for ___-___ hours
30 min
3-6 hours
Humulin R, Novolin R (R = regular)
Intermediate-acting insulin, also known as ___ usually reaches the bloodstream ___-___ hours after injection and peaks ___-___ hours later and it’s effective for ___-___ hours.
NPH (Neil Patrick Harris)
2-4 hours
4-12 hours
12-18 (NPH is awake for 12-18 hours)
Levemir and Lantus are examples of ____ insulin
long-acting
it tends to lower glucose levels up to 24 hours
(can be combined with rapid-acting insulin)
Addison’s dz is an autoimmune causes low ____, therefore they have to follow a high ____ diet
hormones
(aldosterone, cortisol, androgens)
salt (given low aldosterone)
protein (given low androgens; testosterone)
Hyperthyroidism has ____ TSH and high T3 and T4.
low
Hypothyroidism has ___ TSH and low T3 and T4
high
The main cause of acute kidney failure/injury and acute renal failure is ____
dehydration
Oliguria means ____
not peeing much (<500ml/d)
Nephrosis means losing excess ____ in the urine
protein
Minerals at risk in Nephrosis
iron, zinc, copper
Symptoms in nephrosis
edema, albuminuria, malnutrition, hyperlipidemia
What is a dialysate?
a carbohydrate
What nutrients are restricted in hemodialysis?
potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and fluids
What vitamins are needed in hemodialysis?
B6 (pyridoxine = protein) and B9 (folate for RBC production)
Both HD and PD need Erythropoietin (a hormone made in the KIDNEY) that makes ____
RBC (anemia common)
what is the function of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
to balance it out calcium and phosphorus
What calcitonin does?
Tones down calcium
does not affect calcium
calcitonin will secrete to lower calcium levels
What calcitriol does?
“trying” to raise calcium and phosphorus levels
when low, calcitriol will be released to raise calcium and phosphorus lab values
B12 anemia is also called
pernicious anemia and macrocytic anemia
B9 anemia is also called
macrocytic anemia
B6 anemia is also called
microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is called
hypochromic anemia and microcytic anemia
