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RD exam > 6 > Flashcards

6 Flashcards

1
Q

____ and ____ are lost in an alkaline environment & high temperature.

A

Thiamin and Vitamin C

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2
Q

Wernicke-Korsacoff and Beri-Beri are due to ____ deficiency.

A

Thiamin

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3
Q

Thiamin is responsible for the metabolism of pyruvate and ____ oxidation.

A

CHO

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4
Q

Riboflavin (B2) is lost in ____.

A

UV

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5
Q

Niacin is involved in the metabolic of ____.

A

CHO, protein, and fat.

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6
Q

Magenta tongue is due to ____ deficiency.

A

Riboflavin

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7
Q

____ is involved in red cell production and protein metabolism

A

Riboflavin

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8
Q

A beefy red tongue is due to ____ deficiency.

A

Niacin

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9
Q

Petechiae can be due to ____ deficiency.

A

Niacin (B3), Vitamin C and Omega 3.

Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. The bleeding causes the petechiae to appear red, brown, or purple. Petechiae (puh-TEE-kee-ee) commonly appear in clusters and may look like a rash

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10
Q

____ deficiency can cause growth failure.

A

Riboflavin (B2)

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11
Q

Pantothenic acid is vitamin B____.

A

5

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12
Q

Vitamin ____ is made by intestinal bacteria.

A

B7 (Biotin)

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13
Q

____ deficiency can cause megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia, diarrhea, and fatigue.

A

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

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14
Q

____ vitamin is a coenzyme in protein synthesis.

A

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)

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15
Q

Glossitis can be caused by ____ and ____ deficiency.

A

pyridoxine (B6) and biotin (B7)

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16
Q

____ can be found in fortified dried cereal, citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, liver, kidney.

A

Folate (vitamin B9)

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17
Q

____ is involved in the energy synthesis of fatty acids.

A

Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)

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18
Q

____ is essential in all cells for energy production.

A

Niacin (B3)

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19
Q

____ is found in the liver, kidney, and yeast.

A

Biotin (B7)

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20
Q

“The D’s”: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and Death are cause by ____ deficiency.

A

Niacin (B3)

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21
Q

____ is a precursor of Vitamin D.

A

Cholesterol

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22
Q

Vitamin ____ is synthesized by lower intestinal bacteria.

A

K

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23
Q

Vitamin ____ is a pro-vitamin and carotene precursor.

A

A

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24
Q

Vitamin ____ can be found in spinach, kale, leafy greens, and broccoli.

A

K

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25
Q

Rickets and Osteomalacia are due to vitamin ____ deficiency.

A

D

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26
Q

Vitamin ____ can be found in vegetable oil, almonds, green vegetables.

A

E

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27
Q

Vitamin ____ is the least toxic fat-soluble vitamin.

A

E

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28
Q

Vitamin ____ deficiency can cause hemorrhage and the vitamin levels can be affected by mineral oil, antibiotics, and anticoagulants.

A

K

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29
Q

Vitamin ____ protects the red blood cell membrane from oxidative damage.

A

E

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30
Q

Hemolytic anemia can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin ____.

A

E

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31
Q

Bitot’s spots and dry scaly can be caused by vitamin ____ deficiency.

A

A

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32
Q

Vitamin ____ can be found in mushrooms, egg yolk, and fortified milk.

A

D

33
Q

What is the most easily destroyed vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

34
Q

The function of this mineral is oxygen transport.

A

Iron

35
Q

This mineral is attached to a protein.

A

Copper

36
Q

This mineral aids in insulin action and glucose metabolism.

A

Chromium

37
Q

____ deficiency can cause microcytic anemia, neutropenia, Wilson’s dz.

A

Copper

38
Q

The absorption of this mineral is enhanced by vitamin C and B3.

A

Chromium

39
Q

This mineral is a trace mineral and part of hemoglobin.

A

Iron

40
Q

The most abundant mineral.

A

Calcium

41
Q

Calcium requirements for < 18 y/o pregnant

A

1300mg

42
Q

1 cup of yogurt has how many grams of calcium?

A

400 mg

43
Q

1 cup of milk has how many grams of calcium?

A

300 mg

44
Q

Calcium requirements for adults

A

1000-1200 mg

45
Q

What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Phosphorous

46
Q

____ deficiency can cause tetany with hypocalcemia.

A

Calcium

47
Q

This mineral is part of Chlorophyll.

A

Magnesium

48
Q

This mineral’s functions include:

Blood clotting, cardiac function, nerve transmission, smooth muscle contractility.

A

Calcium

49
Q

This mineral’s functions include:

protein in fatty acid synthesis,
stabilizes the structure of ATP,
Vitamin D increases need.

A

Magnesium

50
Q

This mineral’s functions include:

Phospholipids transport fat through lymph and blood.

It’s present in bones and teeth.

A

Phosphorous

51
Q

Selenium cooperates with vitamin ____.

A

E

52
Q

____ deficiency can cause reduced immune function, hair loss and alopecia, poor wound healing, and hypogeusia

A

Zinc

53
Q

____ is a trace mineral, part of thyroxine.

A

Iodine

54
Q

Which foods are rich in potassium?

A

potatoes, oranges, avocado, spinach, soybeans, banans

55
Q

Goiter can be caused to due ____ deficiency.

A

iodine

56
Q

____ is responsible for conducting nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

A

Potassium

57
Q

____ levels are low in refeeding syndrome and using diuretics and high in ESRD.

A

Potassium

58
Q

____ is an antioxidant and is involved in tissue respiration.

A

Selenium

59
Q

The deficiency of this mineral can cause myalgia and cardiac myopathy.

A

Selenium

60
Q

This mineral transports lipids as acetylcholine

A

Choline

61
Q

This mineral increases taste acuity, enhances insulin action, stabilizes DNA, RNA, and cell division. Also involved in wound healing.

A

Zinc

62
Q

Low Hgb and Hc with high MCV is due to ____ deficiency.

A

folate and B12 (macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia).

Megaloblastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts).

63
Q

Low Hgb and Hc with low MCV is due to ____ deficiency.

A

iron (microcytic and hypo-chromic anemia).

Microcytic anemia is defined as the presence of small, often hypochromic, red blood cells in a peripheral blood smear and is usually characterized by a low MCV (less than 83 microns 3).

64
Q

B12 related to Intrinsic Factor anemia

A

Pernicious anemia

65
Q

Sun + skin (7dehydrocholesterol) = ____

A

Cholecalciferol

66
Q

Liver + cholecalciferol = ____ (main indicator of vitamin D status)

A

Calcidiol

67
Q

Kidney + Calcidiol = ____

A

Calcitriol

68
Q

Lines down all nails could be a sign of ____ deficiency.

A

protein

69
Q

Enriched: Mostly ____ vitamins (because they are lost faster) added to the food (cereals).

A

B

70
Q

Fortified: Vitamin ____ (because it didn’t originally have it)

A

D

71
Q

Omega ____ reduces TG levels, inhibits VLDL synthesis, reduces inflammation.

A

3

72
Q

Omega ____ “beauty and brain”, deficiency leads to Petechiae and Eczema.

A

6

73
Q

Vitamins lost in alcoholism

A

B vitamins (especially Thiamin B1), KEDA, vitamin C, and zinc

74
Q

Vitamins lost in heart failure, CVD (cardiovascular dz)

A

Se, Fe, B1, vitamin D

75
Q

Vitamins lost in IBD

A

KEDA, B12, Se, Zinc

76
Q

Vitamins lost in obesity/bariatric surgery

A

CU, Zn, Fe, KEDA, B1, B9, B12, vitamin C

77
Q

Vitamins lost in liver disease

A

Se, Zn, B12, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E

78
Q

Methotrexate for cancer can cause ____, ____, ____.

A

weight loss, loss of appetite, and folate deficiency.

79
Q

Long-term use of steroids and prednisone can cause ____.

A

osteoporosis

RD exam (24 decks)

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