6 Flashcards
____ and ____ are lost in an alkaline environment & high temperature.
Thiamin and Vitamin C
Wernicke-Korsacoff and Beri-Beri are due to ____ deficiency.
Thiamin
Thiamin is responsible for the metabolism of pyruvate and ____ oxidation.
CHO
Riboflavin (B2) is lost in ____.
UV
Niacin is involved in the metabolic of ____.
CHO, protein, and fat.
Magenta tongue is due to ____ deficiency.
Riboflavin
____ is involved in red cell production and protein metabolism
Riboflavin
A beefy red tongue is due to ____ deficiency.
Niacin
Petechiae can be due to ____ deficiency.
Niacin (B3), Vitamin C and Omega 3.
Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. The bleeding causes the petechiae to appear red, brown, or purple. Petechiae (puh-TEE-kee-ee) commonly appear in clusters and may look like a rash
____ deficiency can cause growth failure.
Riboflavin (B2)
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B____.
5
Vitamin ____ is made by intestinal bacteria.
B7 (Biotin)
____ deficiency can cause megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
____ vitamin is a coenzyme in protein synthesis.
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Glossitis can be caused by ____ and ____ deficiency.
pyridoxine (B6) and biotin (B7)
____ can be found in fortified dried cereal, citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, liver, kidney.
Folate (vitamin B9)
____ is involved in the energy synthesis of fatty acids.
Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
____ is essential in all cells for energy production.
Niacin (B3)
____ is found in the liver, kidney, and yeast.
Biotin (B7)
“The D’s”: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and Death are cause by ____ deficiency.
Niacin (B3)
____ is a precursor of Vitamin D.
Cholesterol
Vitamin ____ is synthesized by lower intestinal bacteria.
K
Vitamin ____ is a pro-vitamin and carotene precursor.
A
Vitamin ____ can be found in spinach, kale, leafy greens, and broccoli.
K
Rickets and Osteomalacia are due to vitamin ____ deficiency.
D
Vitamin ____ can be found in vegetable oil, almonds, green vegetables.
E
Vitamin ____ is the least toxic fat-soluble vitamin.
E
Vitamin ____ deficiency can cause hemorrhage and the vitamin levels can be affected by mineral oil, antibiotics, and anticoagulants.
K
Vitamin ____ protects the red blood cell membrane from oxidative damage.
E
Hemolytic anemia can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin ____.
E
Bitot’s spots and dry scaly can be caused by vitamin ____ deficiency.
A
Vitamin ____ can be found in mushrooms, egg yolk, and fortified milk.
D
What is the most easily destroyed vitamin?
Vitamin C
The function of this mineral is oxygen transport.
Iron
This mineral is attached to a protein.
Copper
This mineral aids in insulin action and glucose metabolism.
Chromium
____ deficiency can cause microcytic anemia, neutropenia, Wilson’s dz.
Copper
The absorption of this mineral is enhanced by vitamin C and B3.
Chromium
This mineral is a trace mineral and part of hemoglobin.
Iron
The most abundant mineral.
Calcium
Calcium requirements for < 18 y/o pregnant
1300mg
1 cup of yogurt has how many grams of calcium?
400 mg
1 cup of milk has how many grams of calcium?
300 mg
Calcium requirements for adults
1000-1200 mg
What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?
Phosphorous
____ deficiency can cause tetany with hypocalcemia.
Calcium
This mineral is part of Chlorophyll.
Magnesium
This mineral’s functions include:
Blood clotting, cardiac function, nerve transmission, smooth muscle contractility.
Calcium
This mineral’s functions include:
protein in fatty acid synthesis,
stabilizes the structure of ATP,
Vitamin D increases need.
Magnesium
This mineral’s functions include:
Phospholipids transport fat through lymph and blood.
It’s present in bones and teeth.
Phosphorous
Selenium cooperates with vitamin ____.
E
____ deficiency can cause reduced immune function, hair loss and alopecia, poor wound healing, and hypogeusia
Zinc
____ is a trace mineral, part of thyroxine.
Iodine
Which foods are rich in potassium?
potatoes, oranges, avocado, spinach, soybeans, banans
Goiter can be caused to due ____ deficiency.
iodine
____ is responsible for conducting nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
Potassium
____ levels are low in refeeding syndrome and using diuretics and high in ESRD.
Potassium
____ is an antioxidant and is involved in tissue respiration.
Selenium
The deficiency of this mineral can cause myalgia and cardiac myopathy.
Selenium
This mineral transports lipids as acetylcholine
Choline
This mineral increases taste acuity, enhances insulin action, stabilizes DNA, RNA, and cell division. Also involved in wound healing.
Zinc
Low Hgb and Hc with high MCV is due to ____ deficiency.
folate and B12 (macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia).
Megaloblastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts).
Low Hgb and Hc with low MCV is due to ____ deficiency.
iron (microcytic and hypo-chromic anemia).
Microcytic anemia is defined as the presence of small, often hypochromic, red blood cells in a peripheral blood smear and is usually characterized by a low MCV (less than 83 microns 3).
B12 related to Intrinsic Factor anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sun + skin (7dehydrocholesterol) = ____
Cholecalciferol
Liver + cholecalciferol = ____ (main indicator of vitamin D status)
Calcidiol
Kidney + Calcidiol = ____
Calcitriol
Lines down all nails could be a sign of ____ deficiency.
protein
Enriched: Mostly ____ vitamins (because they are lost faster) added to the food (cereals).
B
Fortified: Vitamin ____ (because it didn’t originally have it)
D
Omega ____ reduces TG levels, inhibits VLDL synthesis, reduces inflammation.
3
Omega ____ “beauty and brain”, deficiency leads to Petechiae and Eczema.
6
Vitamins lost in alcoholism
B vitamins (especially Thiamin B1), KEDA, vitamin C, and zinc
Vitamins lost in heart failure, CVD (cardiovascular dz)
Se, Fe, B1, vitamin D
Vitamins lost in IBD
KEDA, B12, Se, Zinc
Vitamins lost in obesity/bariatric surgery
CU, Zn, Fe, KEDA, B1, B9, B12, vitamin C
Vitamins lost in liver disease
Se, Zn, B12, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E
Methotrexate for cancer can cause ____, ____, ____.
weight loss, loss of appetite, and folate deficiency.
Long-term use of steroids and prednisone can cause ____.
osteoporosis
