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Clin Med III - Exam 1 > 7A: Pulmonary Meds > Flashcards

7A: Pulmonary Meds Flashcards

1
Q

How are bronchodilators delivered?

A

Inhalers

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2
Q

When should you use spacers with bronchodilators?

A

For young children and those with impaired inspiratory effect or impaired motor control

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3
Q

What are the two types of bronchodilators?

A

Meter dosed and rescue

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4
Q

What are the three causes of bronchoconstriction?

A
  1. Increase in bronchial smooth muscle tone
  2. Inflammation
  3. Bronchospasm
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5
Q

What is Serevent/Spiriva?

A

12 hour acting med for difficult to control or chronic asthmatics

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6
Q

What is Albuterol?

A

4 hour rescue inhaler for acute attacks

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7
Q

When does Albuterol peak?

A

15-30 minutes

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8
Q

What is the use of Beta2 Sympathomimetics?

A

Asthma

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9
Q

What is the action of Beta2 Sympathomimetics?

A

Specific adrenergic agent produces relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by increasing cAMP and decreasing Ca concentrations

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10
Q

What are adverse effects of Beta2 Sympathomimetics?

A

Tremor, palpitations, headache, nervousness, dizziness, nausea, and hypertension

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11
Q

What are the Non-Selective Sympathomimeetics?

A

Epinephrine and Ephedrine

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12
Q

What is Epinephrine/Adrenalin?

A

Short duration med with strong effect in blood vessels, moderate effect on bronchial muscles

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13
Q

What is Ephedrine?

A

Long duration med with moderate effect on bronchial muscles

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14
Q

What are the uses of Non-Selective Sympathomimetics?

A

Asthma, acute bronchoconstriction, respiratory distress with bronchoconstriction

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15
Q

What is the action of Non-Selective Sympathomimetics?

A

Enhance specific and non-specific adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

What are the adverse effects of Non-Selective Sypathommetics?

A

Tremor, palpitations, headache, nervousness, dizziness, nausea, hypertension, increased myocardial contractility and heart rate

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17
Q

What drug is a Sympatholytic?

A

Phentolamine

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18
Q

What is the use of Sympatholytics?

A

Respiratory bronchodilator used to inhibit constriction

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19
Q

What is the action of Sympatholytics?

A

Inhibit bronchoconstriction

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20
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sympatholytics?

A

Agitation, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain

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21
Q

What are Sympatholytics mostly used for?

A

Cardiac system

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22
Q

What are the Parasympatholytics?

A

Atropine and Atrovent

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23
Q

Describe Atropine

A

Absorbed quickly

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24
Q

Describe Atrovent

A

Inhaled and not absorbed quickly, so has less side effects

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25
Q

What is the use of Parasympatholytics?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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26
Q

What is the action of Parasympatholytics?

A

Block parasympathetic stimulation, anticholinergic agents, bronchodilation

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27
Q

What are the adverse effects of Parasympatholytics?

A

Depression, delirium, hallucinations

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28
Q

What drug is a Methylxanthine?

A

Theophylline

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29
Q

What is the use of Methylxanthines?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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30
Q

What is the action of Methylxanthines?

A

Autonomic-active bronchodilation agent that enhances diaphragmatic contractility

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31
Q

What are the adverse effects of Methylxanthines?

A

Agitation, tachycardia, hypotension, chest pain, possibile diuresis

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32
Q

What are Symbicort and Advair?

A

Combination of long-acting bronchodilator and steroid

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33
Q

What are the uses of combined inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators?

A

COPD and chronic asthma

34
Q

What is the action of combined corticosteroids and bronchodilators?

A

Steroid reduces airway inflammation, promotes relaxation of airway, and controls mucous production

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of combined inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators?

A

Tachycardia, respiratory infections, nausea and vomiting, headache, muscle cramps and tremors

36
Q

What is the general function of Anti-Inflammatory Agents?

A

Suppress bronchoconstriction

37
Q

What are Glucocorticoids?

A

Prednisone and Methylprednisolone

38
Q

Describe Prednisone and Methylprednisolone

A

Used for acute episodes, given in decreasing doses over 7 or 10 days

39
Q

Describe Beclovent and Flovent

A

Inhaled glucocorticoids for daily use

40
Q

What is the use of glucocorticoids?

A

Acute or chronic bronchial inflammation

41
Q

What is the action of Glucocorticoids?

A

Inhibit formation of inflammation mediators

42
Q

What are adverse effects of Glucocorticoids?

A

Cushings, obesity, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, irritability, muscle weakness, hypertension

43
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s?

A

Moon face and trunk obesity leading to poor wound healing

45
Q

What are examples of Antihistamines?

A

Benadryl, Dramamine, Dimetapp

46
Q

What are the uses of antihistamines?

A

Histamine causes inflammatory responses

47
Q

What is the action of antihistamines?

A

These all bind to H receptors in smooth muscles to cause decreased congestion and irritation

48
Q

What are the adverse effects of antihistamines?

A

Sedation, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, loss of coordination

49
Q

What are examples of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics?

A

Primatene and Sudafed

50
Q

What is the use of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics

A

Congestion

51
Q

What is the action of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics?

A

Vasodilation

52
Q

What are the adverse effects of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics?

A

Headache, dizziness, nausea, hypertension, heart palpitations

53
Q

What are examples of Expectorants?

A

Robitussin and Mucinex

54
Q

What is the use of Robitussin and Mucinex?

A

To clear secretions and protect airway

55
Q

What is the action of Robitussin and Mucinex?

A

Increase secretion production

56
Q

What are the adverse effects of Robitussin and Mucinex?

A

Sedation

57
Q

What type of drug is Codeine?

A

Antitussives

58
Q

What is the use of Codeine?

A

Decreased cough

59
Q

What is the action of Codeine?

A

Block receptors in the brain to decrease irritation and suppress the cough reflex

60
Q

What are the adverse effects of Codeine?

A

Sedation, GI distress, dissiness

61
Q

What type of drug is Mucomyst?

A

Mucolytic

62
Q

What is the use of Mucomyst?

A

Break up and assist with the mobilization of secretions

63
Q

What is the action of Mucomyst?

A

Promote mobilization and removal of secretions by decreasing viscosity of mucous and increasing expectoration

64
Q

What are the adverse effects of Mucomyst?

A

Mucosal irritation, coughing, bronchospasm if has asthma

65
Q

Describe Penicillin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, fights gram - and + bacteria

66
Q

What are possible adverse effects of Penicllin?

A

Allergic reaction, hives, temperature, anaphylactic shock

67
Q

Describe Amoxicillin and Ampicillin

A

Fights gram - and + bacteria

68
Q

What are examples of Aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin

69
Q

Describe Aminoglycosides

A

Broad spectrum, especially gram negative including E-coli and anaerobic bacteria

70
Q

What is an adverse effect of Aminoglycosides?

A

Can cause kidney toxicity

71
Q

Describe Macrolides/Erythromycin

A

Broad spectrum gram - and + (often used as an alternative to Penicillin)

72
Q

Describe Tetracylines

A

Broad spectrum often used for resistant strains

73
Q

Describe Cipro

A

Inhibits bacterial protein DNA/RNA synthesis, broad spectrum that is used for strong or resistant infections

74
Q

What is the current drug of choice for treating Anthrax?

A

Cipro

75
Q

Describe Cephalosprins

A

Alternatives to Penicillin - less allergic reactions

76
Q

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

A

Stomach ache, cramps, nausea, vomiting

77
Q

What are general adverse effects to antibiotics?

A

Hypersensitivity, stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

78
Q

What are CF meds?

A

Trikafta and Orkambi

79
Q

Describe Trikafta

A

Works at the cellular level to try to cut down on secretion production

80
Q

Describe Orkambi

A

Works to increase a certain cellular proteins function that lessens impact of CF

Clin Med III - Exam 1 (21 decks)

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