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Clin Med III - Exam 1 > 7A: Pulmonary Meds > Flashcards

7A: Pulmonary Meds Flashcards

1
Q

How are bronchodilators delivered?

A

Inhalers

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2
Q

When should you use spacers with bronchodilators?

A

For young children and those with impaired inspiratory effect or impaired motor control

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3
Q

What are the two types of bronchodilators?

A

Meter dosed and rescue

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4
Q

What are the three causes of bronchoconstriction?

A
  1. Increase in bronchial smooth muscle tone
  2. Inflammation
  3. Bronchospasm
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5
Q

What is Serevent/Spiriva?

A

12 hour acting med for difficult to control or chronic asthmatics

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6
Q

What is Albuterol?

A

4 hour rescue inhaler for acute attacks

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7
Q

When does Albuterol peak?

A

15-30 minutes

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8
Q

What is the use of Beta2 Sympathomimetics?

A

Asthma

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9
Q

What is the action of Beta2 Sympathomimetics?

A

Specific adrenergic agent produces relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by increasing cAMP and decreasing Ca concentrations

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10
Q

What are adverse effects of Beta2 Sympathomimetics?

A

Tremor, palpitations, headache, nervousness, dizziness, nausea, and hypertension

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11
Q

What are the Non-Selective Sympathomimeetics?

A

Epinephrine and Ephedrine

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12
Q

What is Epinephrine/Adrenalin?

A

Short duration med with strong effect in blood vessels, moderate effect on bronchial muscles

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13
Q

What is Ephedrine?

A

Long duration med with moderate effect on bronchial muscles

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14
Q

What are the uses of Non-Selective Sympathomimetics?

A

Asthma, acute bronchoconstriction, respiratory distress with bronchoconstriction

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15
Q

What is the action of Non-Selective Sympathomimetics?

A

Enhance specific and non-specific adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

What are the adverse effects of Non-Selective Sypathommetics?

A

Tremor, palpitations, headache, nervousness, dizziness, nausea, hypertension, increased myocardial contractility and heart rate

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17
Q

What drug is a Sympatholytic?

A

Phentolamine

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18
Q

What is the use of Sympatholytics?

A

Respiratory bronchodilator used to inhibit constriction

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19
Q

What is the action of Sympatholytics?

A

Inhibit bronchoconstriction

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20
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sympatholytics?

A

Agitation, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain

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21
Q

What are Sympatholytics mostly used for?

A

Cardiac system

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22
Q

What are the Parasympatholytics?

A

Atropine and Atrovent

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23
Q

Describe Atropine

A

Absorbed quickly

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24
Q

Describe Atrovent

A

Inhaled and not absorbed quickly, so has less side effects

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25
What is the use of Parasympatholytics?
Bronchoconstriction
26
What is the action of Parasympatholytics?
Block parasympathetic stimulation, anticholinergic agents, bronchodilation
27
What are the adverse effects of Parasympatholytics?
Depression, delirium, hallucinations
28
What drug is a Methylxanthine?
Theophylline
29
What is the use of Methylxanthines?
Bronchoconstriction
30
What is the action of Methylxanthines?
Autonomic-active bronchodilation agent that enhances diaphragmatic contractility
31
What are the adverse effects of Methylxanthines?
Agitation, tachycardia, hypotension, chest pain, possibile diuresis
32
What are Symbicort and Advair?
Combination of long-acting bronchodilator and steroid
33
What are the uses of combined inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators?
COPD and chronic asthma
34
What is the action of combined corticosteroids and bronchodilators?
Steroid reduces airway inflammation, promotes relaxation of airway, and controls mucous production
35
What are the adverse effects of combined inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators?
Tachycardia, respiratory infections, nausea and vomiting, headache, muscle cramps and tremors
36
What is the general function of Anti-Inflammatory Agents?
Suppress bronchoconstriction
37
What are Glucocorticoids?
Prednisone and Methylprednisolone
38
Describe Prednisone and Methylprednisolone
Used for acute episodes, given in decreasing doses over 7 or 10 days
39
Describe Beclovent and Flovent
Inhaled glucocorticoids for daily use
40
What is the use of glucocorticoids?
Acute or chronic bronchial inflammation
41
What is the action of Glucocorticoids?
Inhibit formation of inflammation mediators
42
What are adverse effects of Glucocorticoids?
Cushings, obesity, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, irritability, muscle weakness, hypertension
43
What is Cushing's Syndrome?
Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex
44
What are the symptoms of Cushing's?
Moon face and trunk obesity leading to poor wound healing
45
What are examples of Antihistamines?
Benadryl, Dramamine, Dimetapp
46
What are the uses of antihistamines?
Histamine causes inflammatory responses
47
What is the action of antihistamines?
These all bind to H receptors in smooth muscles to cause decreased congestion and irritation
48
What are the adverse effects of antihistamines?
Sedation, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, loss of coordination
49
What are examples of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics?
Primatene and Sudafed
50
What is the use of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics
Congestion
51
What is the action of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics?
Vasodilation
52
What are the adverse effects of alpha receptor specific Sympathomimetics?
Headache, dizziness, nausea, hypertension, heart palpitations
53
What are examples of Expectorants?
Robitussin and Mucinex
54
What is the use of Robitussin and Mucinex?
To clear secretions and protect airway
55
What is the action of Robitussin and Mucinex?
Increase secretion production
56
What are the adverse effects of Robitussin and Mucinex?
Sedation
57
What type of drug is Codeine?
Antitussives
58
What is the use of Codeine?
Decreased cough
59
What is the action of Codeine?
Block receptors in the brain to decrease irritation and suppress the cough reflex
60
What are the adverse effects of Codeine?
Sedation, GI distress, dissiness
61
What type of drug is Mucomyst?
Mucolytic
62
What is the use of Mucomyst?
Break up and assist with the mobilization of secretions
63
What is the action of Mucomyst?
Promote mobilization and removal of secretions by decreasing viscosity of mucous and increasing expectoration
64
What are the adverse effects of Mucomyst?
Mucosal irritation, coughing, bronchospasm if has asthma
65
Describe Penicillin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis, fights gram - and + bacteria
66
What are possible adverse effects of Penicllin?
Allergic reaction, hives, temperature, anaphylactic shock
67
Describe Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
Fights gram - and + bacteria
68
What are examples of Aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin
69
Describe Aminoglycosides
Broad spectrum, especially gram negative including E-coli and anaerobic bacteria
70
What is an adverse effect of Aminoglycosides?
Can cause kidney toxicity
71
Describe Macrolides/Erythromycin
Broad spectrum gram - and + (often used as an alternative to Penicillin)
72
Describe Tetracylines
Broad spectrum often used for resistant strains
73
Describe Cipro
Inhibits bacterial protein DNA/RNA synthesis, broad spectrum that is used for strong or resistant infections
74
What is the current drug of choice for treating Anthrax?
Cipro
75
Describe Cephalosprins
Alternatives to Penicillin - less allergic reactions
76
What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?
Stomach ache, cramps, nausea, vomiting
77
What are general adverse effects to antibiotics?
Hypersensitivity, stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
78
What are CF meds?
Trikafta and Orkambi
79
Describe Trikafta
Works at the cellular level to try to cut down on secretion production
80
Describe Orkambi
Works to increase a certain cellular proteins function that lessens impact of CF

Clin Med III - Exam 1 (21 decks)

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