1B: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Flashcards
What are the cardiovascular associated benefits from exercise?
Peripheral vascular efficiency, DM control. increase HDL… etc.
What is the biggest risk factor of cardiovascular disease PT’s can influence?
Exercise
What BMI is considered to be normal?
18 - 24.9
What BMI is considered to be overweight?
25 - 29.9
What BMI is considered to be obese?
> 30
What is the formula for BMI?
(weight in lbs x height in inches ^2) (703)
What is centrally located adiposity?
Accumulation of fat around the waist and hips that indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
What is considered to be a healthy waist size for males?
< 40”
What is considered to be a healthy waist size for females?
< 35”
What four things should be limited in terms of diet?
- Sugar
- Salt
- Fat
- Cholesterol
Why is high soluble fiber beneficial?
Pulls LDL through the GI system before it can be absorbed
What is cholesterol?
Essential lipoprotein needed for cell wall generation
What effect on cholesterol levels can reducing fat in the diet have?
Decrease levels by 10-15mg, but is not enough alone
What types of foods will have cholestrol?
Cholesterol needs to be produced in an animal with a liver
What is the ideal level for total cholesterol?
< 200 mg/dL
What is the ideal level for HDL?
> 50-60 mg/dL
What is the ideal level for LDL?
< 100 mg/dL
What is the ideal level for triglycerides?
< 150 mg/dL
What is the ideal level for the cholesterol ratio?
< 3.5 : 1
What are triglycerides?
Lipoproteins manufactures from sugars and carbs
What are the four criteria to be diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?
- Triglycerides > 185
- Cholesterol > 240
- HDL < 35
- Ratio > 4.5
Which gender is more likely to develop cardiovascular disease?
Males
Why do women have more silent or undiagnosed cardiovascular episodes?
Difference in and mild symptom presentation
Why does the risk of cardiovascular disease between men and women equalize in the sixth decade?
Decreased estrogen following menopause
Is race a predictor of cardiovascular risk?
No - culture is a predictor
Which races are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease?
- African Americans
- Hispanic
- Middle Eastern / Asians
- Caucasians and Europeans
- Pacific Asians
What two other factors may be related to cardiovascular risk?
Stress and DM
