4A: Pulmonary Review

Question 1

Identify 1

Answer 1

Apical segment of the upper lobe

Question 2

Identify 2

Answer 2

Anterior segment of the upper lobe

Question 3

Identify 3

Answer 3

Medial segment of the middle lobe

Question 4

Identify 4

Answer 4

Lateral segment of the middle lobe

Question 5

Identify 5

Answer 5

Apico-posterior segment of upper lobe

Question 6

Identify 6

Answer 6

Anterior segment of the upper lobe

Question 7

Identify 7

Answer 7

Inferior lingula

Question 8

Identify 8

Answer 8

Superior lingula

Question 9

Identify 9

Answer 9

Anterior basalar segment of the lower lobe

Question 10

Identify 10

Answer 10

Lateral basalar segment of lower lobe

Question 11

Identify 1

Answer 11

Apico-posterior segment of the upper lobe

Question 12

Identify 2

Answer 12

Anterior segment of the upper lobe

Question 13

Identify 3

Answer 13

Superior basalar segment of the lower lobe

Question 14

Identify 4

Answer 14

Posterior basalar segment of the lower lobe

Question 15

Identify 5

Answer 15

Lateral segment of the lower lobe

Question 16

Identify 6

Answer 16

Posterior segment of the upper lobe

Question 17

Identify 7

Answer 17

Anterior segment of the upper lobe

Question 18

Identify 8

Answer 18

Superior basalar segment of the lower lobe

Question 19

Identify 9

Answer 19

Posterior basalar segment of the lower lobe

Question 20

Identify 10

Answer 20

Lateral basalar segment of the lower lobe

Question 21

Identify 11

Answer 21

Anterior basalar segment of lower lobe

Question 22

Identify 12

Answer 22

Apical segment of the upper right lobe

Question 23

What is the most important period of fetal pulmonary development and why?

Answer 23

Terminal sac period (26 weeks) because type II alveolar cells start to produce surfactant to create surface tension and keep airway open

Question 24

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 24

Acts are the primary muscle to breathe, creates negative pressure

Question 25

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

Answer 25

Pushes abdominal viscera down and elevates and outwardly expands the lower ribs (bucket-handle action)

Question 26

How are the right and left diaphragm positioned?

Answer 26

Right is higher by 2-3 cm

Question 27

What is the normal diaphragm excursion at rest?

Answer 27

2 cm

Question 28

What is the diaphragm excursion during a full inspiration?

Answer 28

8-10 cm

Question 29

How does the diaphragm rest when in supine?

Answer 29

Higher - not an optimal length-tension relationship

Question 30

How does the diaphragm rest in sidelying?

Answer 30

Uppermost hemi diaphragm drops to a lower level. so the lower (dependent) hemi diaphragm has greater excursion

Question 31

What is the relevance of the difference in diaphragm excursion in sidelying?

Answer 31

The dependent lung can get greater ventilation

Question 32

What are the four accessory muscle groups

Answer 32

1. SCM
2. Scalenes
3. Upper trap
4. Pecs

Question 33

What is the function of the accessory muscles?

Answer 33

Assist in elevating the upper thorax and create the pump handle movement pattern for the upper ribs

Question 34

What are the pleurae?

Answer 34

Continuous membranous sacs which cover the lungs

Question 35

Describe the visceral pleura

Answer 35

Surface is in contact with the lung

Question 36

Describe the parietal pleura

Answer 36

Outer portion of the pleural sac

Question 37

What is the pleural space?

Answer 37

The potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Question 38

What is pleurisy?

Answer 38

Inflammatory condition when pleura space becomes inflamed and fills with fluid exudate

Question 39

What is the effect of lung contusion due to trauma?

Answer 39

Inflammatory process - pleurisy

Question 40

What is the progression of pleurisy