5A: Acid/Base

Question 1

What is normal pH?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

What is acidic pH?

Answer 2

< 7.35

Question 3

What is alkalotic pH?

Answer 3

> 7.45

Question 4

What two systems can cause an acid/base imbalance?

Answer 4

Respiratory and metabolic

Question 5

What is the relationship between CO2 and pH?

Answer 5

Inverse

Question 6

What is the relationship between HCO3- and pH?

Answer 6

Direct

Question 7

What happens with acid/base compensation to fix an imbalance?

Answer 7

Compound moves in the direction the other one did to stabilize pH

Question 8

What is the normal value for CO2?

Answer 8

35-45 mmHg

Question 9

What is the normal value for HCO3-?

Answer 9

23-29 mEq/L

Question 10

What is the normal value for PO2?

Answer 10

75-100 mmHg

Question 11

Describe normal conditions in relation to CO2, pH, and HCO3

Answer 11

CO2: 35-45
pH: 7.35-7.45
HCO3: 23-29

Question 12

What happens during Acute Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 12

CO2: > 45
pH: < 7.35
HCO3: Normal

Question 13

What happens during Acute Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 13

CO2: < 35
pH: > 7.45
HCO3: Normal

Question 14

What happens during Acute Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 14

CO2: Normal
pH: < 7.35
HCO3: < 23

Question 15

What happens during Acute Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 15

CO2: Normal
pH: > 7.45
HCO3: > 29

Question 16

What direction do CO2 and HCO3 move in during compensation?

Answer 16

The same direction

Question 17

What happens during Compensated Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 17

CO2: > 45
pH: Normal
HCO3: > 29

Question 18

What happens during Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 18

CO2: <35
pH: Normal
HCO3: < 23

Question 19

What happens during Compensated Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 19

CO2: < 35
pH: Normal
HCO3: < 23

Question 20

What happens during Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 20

CO2: > 45
pH: Normal
HCO3: > 29

Question 21

What are the causes of Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 21

Alveolar hypoventilation from head injury, anoxia, drug overdose, anything that retains CO2

Question 22

What are the symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 22

Anxiety, headache, dyspnea, confusion, coma

Question 23

What are the causes of Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 23

Alveolar hyperventilation, anything that causes decreased CO2

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 24

Tingling, numbness, syncope

Question 25

What are the causes of Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 25

Diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea

Question 26

What are the symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 26

Vomiting, dysarrhythmia, lethargy, coma

Question 27

What are the causes of Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 27

Bicarbonate ingestion, too much diuresis causing dehydration, vomiting