6B: RLD II Flashcards
What are some toxins that can lead to reduced lung compliance and volume?
Silicosis, BPD, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, inhalation injury, radiation therapy, lobectomy, asbestosis, TB, sarcoidosis
What is pleural effusion?
Inflammation and fluid accumulation in the pleural space
What are causes of pleural effusion?
Infection, trauma, CHF, cirrhosis, pericardial disease that alters V/Q mismatch
What is the pathophysiology of the effects of pleural effusion?
Fluid and inflammation put pressure on the lungs and decrease the ability to inflate
What happens to lung volumes with pleural effusion?
Decrease
What happens to activity tolerance with pleural effusion?
Decrease
Is there pain associated with pleural effusion?
May have pain with inspiration
What are the four symptoms of pleural effusion?
- SOB and difficulty with deep breathing
- Decreased expansion on x-ray
- Bronchial or decreased breath sounds
- Decreased activity tolerance
What are the five causes of pulmonary edema?
- Increased pulmonary capillary pressure
- Increased negativity or interstitial pressure
- Altered alveolar/capillary membrane permeability
- Lymphatic insufficiency
- Unknown
How does fluid build up and cause edema?
Factors cause fluid to leak from the pulmonary and lymphatic system interstitially and into the alveoli
What does the build up of interstitial fluid cause?
Creates a barrier that makes gas exchange between the capillaries and the alveoli difficult
What is the effect of pulmonary edema on the heart?
Heart has to work much harder to gain sufficient levels of oxygen
Are O2 or CO2 levels affected more by pulmonary edema, and why?
O2 levels because CO2 is more soluble
What are key symptoms of pulmonary edema?
- SOB
- Increased RR
- Decreased lung volumes
What happens to PaO2 with pulmonary edema?
Decreased due to the V/Q mismatch