3A: Cardiac Meds

Question 1

What is pharmokinetics?

Answer 1

How the drug is absorbed, delivered to the target site, metabolized, and excreted

Question 2

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 2

Drug specific actions and clinical effects

Question 3

What is a parenteral distribution route, and what are some examples?

Answer 3

Non-GI absorption, fast acting. Injection, sublingual, inhalation, transdermal

Question 4

What is an enteral distribution route, and what are some examples?

Answer 4

GI system absorption, convenient and most common. Oral and rectal

Question 5

What are the three locations of drug receptors?

Answer 5

1. ANS
2. Kidneys
3. Smooth muscles

Question 6

What is major site of excretion for CV drugs?

Answer 6

Kidneys, some liver involvement

Question 7

What population metabolizes drugs at a faster rate?

Answer 7

Children

Question 8

How does metabolism change with age?

Answer 8

Slows, makes them more susceptible to overdose toxicity

Question 9

What is the general description of Class I Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers?

Answer 9

Decrease excitability

Question 10

What are the two uses of Lidocaine?

Answer 10

1. Acute PVC
2. Ventricular arrhythmias with MI

Question 11

What is the action of Lidocaine?

Answer 11

Slow myocardial conduction by decreasing the refractory period

Question 12

What are the adverse effects of Lidocaine?

Answer 12

Key: dizziness, CNS disturbances
Other: aggravation of some arrhythmias, visual disturbances, nausea

Question 13

What are the two uses of Rhythmol?

Answer 13

1. VT
2. PVCs

Question 14

What is the action of Rhythmol?

Answer 14

Slow repolarization

Question 15

What are the adverse effects of Rhythmol?

Answer 15

Arrhythmogenic (bradycardia) during exercise and defibrillation problems

Question 16

Describe Class II Anti-Arrhythmics

Answer 16

Beta Blockers

Question 17

What are Beta1 receptors?

Answer 17

Sympathetic, have affinity for epi and norepi

Question 18

What patient should you not use beta blockers for?

Answer 18

Decreased LV function, if their EF is < 35% because you don’t want their HR to drop even lower

Question 19

What are the non-selective beta blockers?

Answer 19

Propranolol, Inderol, Carvedilol

Question 20

What do non-selective beta blockers block?

Answer 20

Both Beta1 and Beta2 receptors

Question 21

What is the use of non-selective beta blockers?

Answer 21

Angina, HTN, and arrhythmias

Question 22

What is the action of non-selective beta blockers?

Answer 22

Slow down conduction through the myocardium, cause smooth muscle relaxation

Question 23

What are the adverse effects of non-selective beta blockers?

Answer 23

Decrease CO, cause bradycardiac dysrhythmias, bronchospasm, cold extremities, fatigue, insomnia, making of hypoglycemia. Can decrease HDL levels

Question 24

What are examples of selective beta blockers?

Answer 24

Lopressor and Atenolol

Question 25

What is the use of selective beta blockers?

Answer 25

Same as non-selective beta blockers. Angina, HTN, arrhythmias

Question 26

What is the action of selective beta blockers?

Answer 26

Same as non-selective beta blockers. Slow down conduction through myocardium, cause smooth muscle relaxation

Question 27

What are the adverse effects of selective beta blockers?

Answer 27

Same as non-seletive, but will have fewer peripheral side effects because are only active at Beta1 receptors

Question 28

What are Class III Antiarrhythmics used for?

Answer 28

Ventricular arrhythmias

Question 29

What is Amiodarone used for?

Answer 29

Ventricular arrythmias

Question 30

What is the action of Amiodarone?

Answer 30

Prolong repolarization to slow and stabilize HR

Question 31

What are adverse effects of Amiodarone?

Answer 31

Pulmonary toxicity and liver damage

Question 32

What are examples of oral nitrates?

Answer 32

Sublingual nitroglucerine, nitrolingual spray

Question 33

What is the use of oral nitrates?

Answer 33

Acute chest pain, rescue med

Question 34

What is the action of oral nitrates?

Answer 34

Smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

Question 35

What are the adverse effects of oral nitrates?

Answer 35

Ischemic headache, hypotension, may induce bronchospasm

Question 36

What are examples of nitro patches?

Answer 36

Transderm nitro, Nitrodisc, Nitrodur

Question 37

What are examples of nitro ointments?

Answer 37

Nitrol

Question 38

What is the use of topical nitros?

Answer 38

Prevention of CP and angina

Question 39

What is the action of topical nitros?

Answer 39

Smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

Question 40

What are the adverse effects of nitro topicals?

Answer 40

Hypotension, drug tolerance with continued use