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Clin Med III - Exam 1 > 3A: Cardiac Meds > Flashcards

3A: Cardiac Meds Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmokinetics?

A

How the drug is absorbed, delivered to the target site, metabolized, and excreted

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2
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

Drug specific actions and clinical effects

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3
Q

What is a parenteral distribution route, and what are some examples?

A

Non-GI absorption, fast acting. Injection, sublingual, inhalation, transdermal

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4
Q

What is an enteral distribution route, and what are some examples?

A

GI system absorption, convenient and most common. Oral and rectal

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5
Q

What are the three locations of drug receptors?

A
  1. ANS
  2. Kidneys
  3. Smooth muscles
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6
Q

What is major site of excretion for CV drugs?

A

Kidneys, some liver involvement

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7
Q

What population metabolizes drugs at a faster rate?

A

Children

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8
Q

How does metabolism change with age?

A

Slows, makes them more susceptible to overdose toxicity

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9
Q

What is the general description of Class I Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers?

A

Decrease excitability

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10
Q

What are the two uses of Lidocaine?

A
  1. Acute PVC
  2. Ventricular arrhythmias with MI
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11
Q

What is the action of Lidocaine?

A

Slow myocardial conduction by decreasing the refractory period

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of Lidocaine?

A

Key: dizziness, CNS disturbances
Other: aggravation of some arrhythmias, visual disturbances, nausea

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13
Q

What are the two uses of Rhythmol?

A
  1. VT
  2. PVCs
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14
Q

What is the action of Rhythmol?

A

Slow repolarization

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of Rhythmol?

A

Arrhythmogenic (bradycardia) during exercise and defibrillation problems

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16
Q

Describe Class II Anti-Arrhythmics

A

Beta Blockers

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17
Q

What are Beta1 receptors?

A

Sympathetic, have affinity for epi and norepi

18
Q

What patient should you not use beta blockers for?

A

Decreased LV function, if their EF is < 35% because you don’t want their HR to drop even lower

19
Q

What are the non-selective beta blockers?

A

Propranolol, Inderol, Carvedilol

20
Q

What do non-selective beta blockers block?

A

Both Beta1 and Beta2 receptors

21
Q

What is the use of non-selective beta blockers?

A

Angina, HTN, and arrhythmias

22
Q

What is the action of non-selective beta blockers?

A

Slow down conduction through the myocardium, cause smooth muscle relaxation

23
Q

What are the adverse effects of non-selective beta blockers?

A

Decrease CO, cause bradycardiac dysrhythmias, bronchospasm, cold extremities, fatigue, insomnia, making of hypoglycemia. Can decrease HDL levels

24
Q

What are examples of selective beta blockers?

A

Lopressor and Atenolol

25
Q

What is the use of selective beta blockers?

A

Same as non-selective beta blockers. Angina, HTN, arrhythmias

26
Q

What is the action of selective beta blockers?

A

Same as non-selective beta blockers. Slow down conduction through myocardium, cause smooth muscle relaxation

27
Q

What are the adverse effects of selective beta blockers?

A

Same as non-seletive, but will have fewer peripheral side effects because are only active at Beta1 receptors

28
Q

What are Class III Antiarrhythmics used for?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

29
Q

What is Amiodarone used for?

A

Ventricular arrythmias

30
Q

What is the action of Amiodarone?

A

Prolong repolarization to slow and stabilize HR

31
Q

What are adverse effects of Amiodarone?

A

Pulmonary toxicity and liver damage

32
Q

What are examples of oral nitrates?

A

Sublingual nitroglucerine, nitrolingual spray

33
Q

What is the use of oral nitrates?

A

Acute chest pain, rescue med

34
Q

What is the action of oral nitrates?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of oral nitrates?

A

Ischemic headache, hypotension, may induce bronchospasm

36
Q

What are examples of nitro patches?

A

Transderm nitro, Nitrodisc, Nitrodur

37
Q

What are examples of nitro ointments?

A

Nitrol

38
Q

What is the use of topical nitros?

A

Prevention of CP and angina

39
Q

What is the action of topical nitros?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

40
Q

What are the adverse effects of nitro topicals?

A

Hypotension, drug tolerance with continued use

Clin Med III - Exam 1 (21 decks)

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