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Clin Med III - Exam 1 > 3B: Cardiac Meds > Flashcards

3B: Cardiac Meds Flashcards

1
Q

When do thrombolytic agents have to be given?

A

Within 4-12 hours of symptom onset

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2
Q

What is the use of Streptokinase?

A

Acute MI to reestablish coronary blood flow

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3
Q

What is the action of Streptokinase?

A

Facilitate clot disolution

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4
Q

What are the adverse effects of Streptokinase?

A

Hemorrhage

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5
Q

What is the use of Recombinant tPA and Retrovase?

A

Acute MI (same as Streptokinase)

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6
Q

What is the action of Recombinant tPA and Retrovase?

A

Facilitate clot disolution (same as Streptokinase)

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7
Q

What is the adverse effect of Recombinant tPA and Retrovase?

A

Hemorrhage (same as Streptokinase)

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8
Q

What is the use of Heparin?

A

Prevent and treat thromboembolism

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9
Q

What is the action of Heparin?

A

Inhibit clot formation

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of Heparin?

A

Hemorrhage and hemarthosis

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11
Q

What is the duration of a Heparin perscription?

A

Short term - given via IV or subcutaneous shot

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12
Q

What is the use of Coumadin?

A

Prevent and treat thromboembolism (same as Heparin)

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13
Q

What is the action of Coumadin?

A

Block vitamin K and other clotting agents

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of Coumadin?

A

Hemorrhage, hemarthosis

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15
Q

What is the duration of a Coumadin perscription?

A

Long term

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16
Q

How are Heparin and Coumadin dosing monitored?

A

Clotting times

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17
Q

What is PT?

A

Prothombin time

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18
Q

What is the normal value of PT?

A

12-15 seconds

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19
Q

What does PT measure?

A

Extrinsic and pathway means of clotting

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20
Q

What is PTT?

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time

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21
Q

What is the normal value for PTT?

A

30-70 seconds

22
Q

What does PTT measure?

A

Intrinsic and pathway means of clotting

23
Q

What is the International Normalized Ratio?

A

Measures the difference between PTT and PT

24
Q

What is the normal value for the International Normalized Ratio?

A

2-3 ng/L for prophylactic treatment

25
Q

What is the use of Lovenox, Xarelto, and Eliquis?

A

Prevent and treat thromboembolism

26
Q

What is the action of Lovenox, Xarelto, and Eliquis?

A

Deactivates thrombin to prevent fibrin clot

27
Q

What are the adverse effects of Lovenox, Xarelto, and Eliquis?

A

Small chance of hemorrhage

28
Q

Are PT and INR needed for Lovenox, Xarelto, and Eliquis?

A

No - do not affect clotting times

29
Q

What is the use of Aspirin, Plavix, and Effient?

A

Prevent clot formation, does not thin

30
Q

What is the action of Aspirin, Plavix, and Effient?

A

Prohibit platelet induced thrombus

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aspirin, Plavix, and Effient?

A

Mild gastric irritation

32
Q

What is the general function of all calcium channel blockers?

A

Less excitability

33
Q

What are the calcium channel blockers?

A

Cardizem, Procardia, Cardene, Norcasc, Verapimil

34
Q

What is the use of calcium channel blockers?

A

HTN, myocardial ischemia, coronary artery spasm, angina, atrial tachycardia, diastolic dysfunction

35
Q

What is the action of calcium channel blockers?

A

Inhibit calcium influx into cardiac and smooth muscle, prevents vasoconstriction, reduces myocardial contractility, and slows conduction

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema

37
Q

What is the use of Lasix?

A

Reduce fluid overload in CHF, HTN, and other edema

38
Q

What is the action of Lasix?

A

Increase renal excretion of fluid and electrolytes

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of Lasix?

A

Hypokalemia and fluid depletion that may cause ectopic arrhythmias, hypotension, gastric disturbances

40
Q

What are the two functions of cardiac glycosides?

A
  1. Positive inotropic effect
  2. Dromotropic effect (slows conduction at AV node to allow increased filling time)
41
Q

What is the use of Digitalis and Digoxin?

A

CHF, atrial arrhythmias, a-fib secondary to AV node delay

42
Q

What is the action of Digitalis and Digoxin?

A

Improves myocardial contractility by increasing calcium concentrations, reducing end diastolic pressure, decreased AV nodal conduction to allow greater filling time

43
Q

What are the adverse effects of Digitalis and Digoxin?

A

Digitalis toxicity including GI disturbances, CNS disturbances, fatigue, ST segment depression, arrhythmia, PVCs, VT, bradycardia

44
Q

What are the sympathetic stimulators?

A

Dobutamine and dopamine

45
Q

What is the use of Dobutamine and Dopamine?

A

Post cardiac event, in ICU

46
Q

What is the function of Dopamine?

A

Increase CO and BP, good for CHF with resultant hypotension

47
Q

What is the function of Dobutamine?

A

Increased Ca+ in cell which increases SA node firing, AV node conduction, contractility

48
Q

What is the action of Dobutamine and Dopamine?

A

Prolong the effect of sympathetic action and increase myocardial contraction and BP

49
Q

What are the adverse effects of Dobutamine and Dopamine?

A

CP and feelings of dyspnea

50
Q

What should you be cautious with Dobutamine and Dopamine?

A

Wean off ASAP because they can cause receptor desensitization

Clin Med III - Exam 1 (21 decks)

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