6.1 the principcles of learning: classical conditioning

Question 1

primary research focus of behaviourism

Answer 1

human behaviour and roles that control human behaviour

we can observe, measure and objectively verify

Question 2

behaviourists couldn’t think of any reasons that

Answer 2

human behaviour rules would differ from animal behaviour

they experimented on animals and used those results to make claims on human behaviour

Question 3

behaviourists began by reasoning that organisms are not born knowing what behaviours to engage in

Answer 3

not entirely true- because some species engage in elaborate behaviour that is genetically hardwired into them at birth
ex, mating
but its true that most behaviour is acquired through experience

Question 4

process of learning

Answer 4

behaviour is acquired through learning
principles of learning is very important
behaviourists were able to maintain observable phenomenon by investigating how features of the environment, which can be directly observed, caused tendency changes some behaviour, which is also directly observable, they used the word stimulus and response

Question 5

stimuli

Answer 5

features of the environment

Question 6

response

Answer 6

behaviour that arose from the stimuli

Question 7

to behaviourists learning was…

Answer 7

mainly forming connection b/w environmental stimuli and behavioural responses they called this stimulus response (sr associations)

Question 8

ivan pavlov

Answer 8

• tools were already available for behaviourist from physiologists
• he did physiological science
• revealed that much that controls the behaviour of animals is unconscious

Question 9

behaviours can emerge quite automatically and unconsciously in humans and animals

Answer 9

since behaviourists where uncomfortable with research with unconscious thought process.

Question 10

pavlov meat powder

Answer 10

-dogs started to increase salivating

Question 11

classical or pavlovian conditioning

Answer 11

new stimulus can generate the physiological response on its own

Question 12

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 12

getting poked in the back with a pencil

any stimulus that naturally generates some response in a person or animal

Question 13

unconditioned response

Answer 13

response to unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

conditioned stimulus

Answer 14

whistling while poking someone in the back everyday, then one day they just whistle, still same arousal
-2 factors

Question 15

conditioned response

Answer 15

if whistling comes to generate the surprise reaction without feeling a pencil poke

Question 16

behaviourists took classical conditioning apart to see

Answer 16

how it worked

Question 17

pairing conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus

Answer 17

acquisition phase
-for classical conditioning to work best, became clear that consistent presentation of the unconditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus was necessary to form a strong enough association for the conditioned stimulus to later succeed in generating the response on its own

Question 18

extinction

Answer 18

gradual loss of the conditioned response after the repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone
stops the strong reaction eventually

Question 19

spontaneous recovery

Answer 19

renewed reaction of a conditional stimulus after a few days when you have had time to recover

Question 20

stimulus generalization

Answer 20

does the condition stimulus always need to be the same to generate the conditioned response
-a stimulus that is similar to the condition stimulus will produce a conditioned response, but the effect will be weaker as the stimulus gets further away from the conditioned stimulus

Question 21

stimulus Discrimination

Answer 21

is it possible to make classical conditioning more refined so that the conditioned response only occurs for a single stimulus and not other similar stimuli
-the right type of learning resulted in more precise conditioned responses that are tuned only to stimuli that are very similar to the condition stimulus

Question 22

classical conditioning provides an

Answer 22

aspect of psychology that is present in everyone

Question 23

john b watson

Answer 23

founder of behaviourism

Question 24

conditioned emotional response

Answer 24

ex. response fear

why we feel the way we do about, people/ obejects

Question 25

easier to generate fear responses with

Answer 25

snakes rather then flowers or guns
-conditioned fear responses with transitional dangers to our safety are more easier to acquire than non dangerous objects

Question 26

preparedness

Answer 26

explaines why certain associations are learned more readily than others
-explains what generates your phobia
-also explains why people have a strong dislike fore certain foods
-

Question 27

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 27

associates the taste of certain food with symptoms caused by a spoiled food. generally developed after ingestion of food that causes nausea, sickness, or vomiting

Question 28

conditioned drug tolerance

Answer 28

person does same drugs same place/equipment every time which tells the body to metabolize the drug, weakening the effect every time, must increase the dosage, could effect an overdose if they change one of the things they do in routine

Question 29

common sexual fetishes include

Answer 29

foot or shoe
leather or latex
even those these things are not sexy, previous arousal that included these things make it seem sexy

Question 30

behaviourism

Answer 30

components need to be observable and directly measurable
(memory, feeling and thoughts were ride of)- down fall (missing many aspects of pychology
reveal important phycological principles
john b watson and bf skinner