10.4 adult developement Flashcards
young adulthood ages
18-40
middle adulthood ages
40-65
older adulthood ages
65 +
dimensions that determine a successful transition into adult roles
- social relationships
- managing new freedoms
- overcoming new challenges
for women diff in young and middle adulthood
menopause
(mens are less dramatic)
-declines in testosterone and declines in sex drive
some complications associated with menopause
- estrogen levels drop significantly which can cause hot flashes
- lower interest in sex
- extreme emotional reactions
the risk of developing a neurodegenerative condition increases in older adulthood
ex. dementia -affects 14% of individuals over age 71
alzheimer’s disease - make up 10% of dementia cases involves progressive worsening, and ultimately fatal, brain damage
dementia
involves a serious disruption in mental functioning, memory difficulties, and impairments in judgment and decision making
Alzheimer’s disease
- build up of beta amyloid bw neurons (forming amyloid plaques)
- tangles of tau proteins within neurons (forming neurofibrillary tangles)
fluid intelligence
the capacity for new learning, speed of info processing, and the ability to adapt comfortably to new challenges and situations
(declines gradually with age)
crystallized intelligence
the ability to use previously acquired knowledge and skill
does not decline with age very much
factors that minimize declines in fluid intelligence
- staying physically active
- maintaining rewarding social relationships
- sticking to a healthy diet
- engaging in mentally challenging activities
erik erikson
8 crisis
8 crisis
- trust vs. mistrust in infancy
- automomy vs. sham/doubt in toddlerhood
- initiative vs. guilt in early childhood
- industry vs. inferiority in later childhood
- identity vs. role confusion in adolescence
- intimacy vs. isolation in early adulthood
- generativity vs. stagnation in middle adulthood
- ego integrity vs. despair during older adulthood
there are advantages to finding a long term committed relationship during adulthood
members of couples: have sex more often, are more physically active, eat healthier
**as long as the culture is accepting, being a member of a committed, but unmarried, couple provides the same health benefits as being a member of a married couple
divorce rates are high
in Canada about 40 percent of marriages end in divorce
a major culprit seems to be poor communication strategies
the four horsemen of the apocalypse
criticism
defensiveness
contempt
stonewalling
child raising is difficult and stressfull
time consuming
expensive
hard work
stressfull
ppl are happiest in their marriages..
- before they have children
- and after their children leave home
limitations and special challenges come with old age
and depression is a risk when limitations reduce physical activity and social interactions
despite these challenges, despair is not the norm and there is some evidence to suggest that older ppl are happier than younger ones
older adults seem to be more biased than younger ppl to remember ______ over _______ info.
positive
negative
the onset of adulthood varies and is culturally defined
- the hamar tribe of Ethiopia marks males’ transition to adulthood with a cow jumping ritual
- in North america, high school grad is often viewed as a point of transition into adulthood
- in japan, seijin shiki (coming of age day) serves a purpose that is similar to North american grad ceremonies
- Bat/Bar Mitzvah ceremony
- tacuna tribe of South america, the rite of passage for female members occurs at first menstruation
- rite of passage for Fulani males requires victory in a whipping competition
