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Human Nutrition Comp Exam > 560F Additional Info > Flashcards

560F Additional Info Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimal dosage of gamma and delta tocotrienols to reduce serum lipids?

500 mg
125 mg
750 mg
250 mg

A

250mg

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2
Q

What energy nutrient is essential for a client with congestive heart failure?

Pantothenic Acid
Riboflavin
Glutamine
CoQ10

A

CoQ10

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3
Q

What amino acid will enhance the anti-hypertensive effects of magnesium?

Histidine
Glycine
Taurine
Glutamine

A

Taurine

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4
Q

Which two amino acids have been shown to lower high blood pressure?

Aspartate and Arginine
Arginine and Taurine
Glutamine and Glycine
Glycine and Taurine

A

Arginine and Taurine

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5
Q

What would not be the appropriate follow up test for a macrocytic anemia?

Methylmalonic acid
Ferritin
Vitamin B12
Folate

A

Ferritin

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6
Q

A vegetarian with congestive heart failure is most likely deficient in which nutrient?

Arginine
Omega 3 fatty acids
Folate
Carnitine

A

Carnitine

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7
Q

Which of the following about lipoproteins is not significantly affected by diet and exercise?

HDL
LDL particle size
Lipoprotein (a)
Apolipoprotein B

A

Lp(a)

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8
Q

Which cooking method will produce the lease AGEs in one’s diet?

Boil
Broil
Grill
Fry

A

Boil

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9
Q

Which botanical is an analog to metformin?

Berberine
Bitter melon
Cinnamon
Fenugreek

A

Berberine

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10
Q

Which vegetable juice has natural anti-HTN properties and acts as a vasodilator and a diuretic?

Cabbage
Celery
Watercress
Asparagus

A

Celery

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11
Q

Which botanical contains a constituent called apigenin, which binds to central benzodiazepine receptors causing anti-anxiolytic effects?

Berberine
Passionflower
Rhodiola
Bitter Melon

A

Passionflower

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12
Q

A client presents to your office with hypertension. He is currently on a beta-blocker and taking magnesium. He has a diet relatively high in sodium. What additional nutrient would you suggest may help?

Choline
Potassium
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C

A

Potassium

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13
Q

Which nutrient is necessary for angiogenesis?

Zinc
Copper
Selenium
Argon

A

Copper

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14
Q

What nutrient recommendation would not be suggested for a client with congestive heart failure?

Increased potassium
Decreased potassium

A

Decreased potassium

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15
Q

Which vitamin plays a role in autoimmunity by its impact on balancing TH1 and TH2?

A
E
D
K

A

D

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16
Q

Which is not true of Metformin?

Decreases homocysteine levels
Decreases folate
Decreases vitamin B12
Increases homocysteine

A

Decreases homocysteine levels

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17
Q

Which is not true about artificial sweeteners (ie. Sucralose)?

Increases the abundance and diversity of the
beneficial bacteria in the GI tract
Alters insulin
Induce glucose intolerance
Alters glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level

A

Increases the abundance and diversity of the

beneficial bacteria in the GI tract

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18
Q

What nutrient has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity by 20-30%?

Alpha Lipoic Acid
Vitamin B12
Carnitine
CoQ10

A

Alpha lipoic acid

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19
Q

What fasting blood glucose is diagnostic of type II diabetes?

130 mg/dl
105 mg/dl
125 mg/dl
110 mg/dl

A

130 (technically anything above 126)

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20
Q

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in approximately what percent of IBS individuals?

10%
30%
50%
60%

A

10%

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21
Q

Which nutrient can bind to a T-cell receptor and dampen the immune response?

Zinc carnosine
Quercetin
N-acetyl-cysteine
N-acetyl-glucosamine

A

N-acetyl-glucosamine

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22
Q

What stool marker would be the most effective for monitoring disease activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

SIgA
Hs-CRP
EPX
Calprotectin

A

Calprotectin

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23
Q

According to a 2012 study in the Journal of Immunology, at what vitamin D level was the highest degree of inflammatory inhibition seen?

70 ng/ml
50 ng/ml
30 ng/ml
15 ng/ml

A

50ng/ml

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24
Q

What bacteria is associated with ulceration?

H. pylori
Proteus mirabilus
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

H Pylori

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25
Q

Which is not one of the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel disease?

Onset associated with a change in form or appearance of stool
Improvement with defecation
Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool
Changes between constipation and diarrhea for at least 3 months

A

Changes between constipation and diarrhea for at least 3 months

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26
Q

Atopic dermatitis is associated with what immunoglobulin?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

A

IgE

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27
Q

What nutrient significantly inhibits carbohydrate-mediated tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by its effects on Galectin 3 proteins?

Modified Citrus Pectin
Quercetin
Curcumin
EGCg

A

Modified Citrus Pectin

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28
Q

What tocotrienol isomer has demonstrated the significant cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells?

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta

A

Gamma

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29
Q

What form of Vitamin B3 has been used as a therapy for the osteoarthritis?

Niacinamide
Nicotinic acid

A

Niacinamide

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30
Q

Which is not a mechanism of action of vitamin C for osteoarthritis?

Analgesic
Decrease collagen degradation
Increase collagen synthesis
Increase proteoglycan synthesis

A

Analgesic

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31
Q

Which nutrient’s mechanism of actions is as an analgesic for osteoarthritis?

Vitamin C
Fish Oil
SAMe

A

SAMe

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32
Q

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? MMA, MCV, MCH, RDW

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

B12

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33
Q

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? FIGLU, MCV, MCH, RDW

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

folate

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34
Q

Macrocytic and normochromic describes….

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA
Both b12 and folate

A

Both B12 and folate

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35
Q

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? RDW, TIBC

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

IDA

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36
Q

The following labs are low in which type of anemia? Hct, Hgb, MCV, MCH, Ferritin, Transferrin

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

IDA

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37
Q

Microcytic and hypochromic =

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

IDA

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38
Q

HTN is caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune vascular dysfunction.

T/F

A

T

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39
Q

Ferritin can be elevated during inflammation because it is also an acute phase reactant.

T/F

A

True

40
Q

Can Cadmium and Lead contribute to HTN?

A

Yes

41
Q

Which nutrient is a vasodilator, and central alpha agonist and can lower HTN?

Sodium
Potassium
Mg
Selenium

A

Potassium

42
Q

Which nutrient is a central alpha agonist and low levels can cause HTN (dose is rec’d at 50mg/day)?

Potassium
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper

A

Zinc

43
Q

4-10 grams per day helps to stabilize normal BP due to its effect on NO synthesis.

Arginine
Taurine
Magnesium

A

Argninine

44
Q

Which amino acid can be a good adjunct to arginine in the tx of HTN?

Taurine
Lysine
Citrulline
Ornithine

A

Citrulline

45
Q

Which botanical has ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker and diuretic actions?

Hawthorn
Garlic
Berberine
Bitter Melon

A

Hawthorn

46
Q

Which botanical increases bradykinin and NO to help reduce HTN?

Hawthorn
Garlic
Berberine
Bitter Melon

A

Garlic

47
Q

Dietary cholesterol intake does not alter serum cholesterol significantly.

T/F

A

True

48
Q

Increased refined CHO intake has no impact on lipids.

T/F

A

False, great impact

49
Q

Soluble fiber has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia

T/F

A

T

50
Q

Monounsaturated fats like EVOO should be avoided with dyslipidemia

T/F

A

FALSE…..should add to foods, will help reverse the dyslipidemia

51
Q

Plant sterols at 2-3 grams per day can help dyslipidemia.

T/F

A

True

52
Q

Which of these can be beneficial for tx of dyslipidemia?

Citrus Bergamont
EGCg
Curcumin
NAC
Niacin
Pantethine
RYR
Tocotrienols
All of the above?
A

ALL of the above

53
Q

In addition to carnitine and magnesium, which other nutrient(s) would help with CHF?

CoQ10
D-Ribose
Garlic
RYR

A

CoQ10 and D-Ribose

54
Q

Which drug has the following DNDs? Zinc, sodium

ACE Inhibitors
Anti-diabetics
Antibiotics

A

ACE inhibitors

55
Q

Which drug has the following DNDs? CoQ10, B12 , B9

ACE Inhibitors
Anti-diabetics
Antibiotics

A

Anti-diabetics

56
Q

Antibiotics deplete B-vitamins, vit K.

T/F

A

True

57
Q

IBS dx requires adherence to Rome III criteria: at least 3 months, with onset at least 6 months previously of recurrent abdominal pain/discomfort associated with:

Improvement with defecation
Onset associated with change in stool frequency
Onset associated with change in stool appearance
Two or more of the above

A

Two or more

58
Q

95% of serotonin is in the gut

T/F

A

T

59
Q

Serotonin affects IBS due to its involvement with visceral hypersensitivity.

T/F

A

T

60
Q

Which form of IBS has low serotonin usually associated with it?

IBS - D
IBS -C
IBS- M

A

IBS C

61
Q

Which form of IBS has high serotonin usually associated with it?

IBS - D
IBS -C
IBS- M

A

IBS-D

62
Q

Celiac confirmation requires a small bowel biopsy.

T/F

A

True

63
Q

Which are large molecules associated with gram negative bacteria that are also endotoxins? They are a sign of permeability/dysbiosis

Zonulin
Occludin
Lipopolysaccharides

A

Lipopolysaccharides (remember Dr Penn’s comment “little pieces of shit”)

64
Q

Which protein regulates intestinal permeability, and high levels are signs of increased permeability?

Occludin
Zonulin
Glutamine

A

Zonulin

65
Q

Which protein holds the tight junctions together and are damaged by autoantibodies, leading to the breakdown of the junctions?

Occludin
Zonulin
sIgA
mucin

A

Occludin

66
Q

What are the 4 R’s?

A

Remove
Replace
Reinoculate
Repair

67
Q

A fasting glucose between 100-125 mg/dl is considered?

Type 1 diabetic
Type 2 diabetic
Pre-diabetic
Normal

A

Pre-diabetic

68
Q

HbA1c between 5.7%-6.4% is….

Type 1 diabetic
Type 2 diabetic
Pre-diabetic
Normal

A

Pre-diabetic

69
Q

Gymnema, fenugreek, bitter melon, and berberine are botanicals that can be used to treat which condition?

Asthma
Arthritis
Type 2 DM
Adrenal Fatigue

A

Type 2 DM

70
Q

Which condition stems from long term hyperglycemia that caused increased synthesis of FAs and TGs in liver? Sx include fatigue, URQ abdominal pain.

PCOS
Gallstones
Kidney Stones
NASH/NAFLD

A

NASH/NAFLD

71
Q

With kidney stones, diet should be individualized to blood type.

T/F

A

False….it should be based on STONE type

72
Q

Met Syndrome requires how many of the following criteria for dx to be present at the same time in MEN?

             Waist Circum above 40 
             TGs > 150
             HDL < 40
             BP > 130/85
             Fasting glucose >100

ALL of them
2
3

A

3 need to be present

73
Q

Which Met Syn criteria are different for women than men?

Waist Circumference
TGs
HDL
BP
Fasting glucose
A

WC for women is >35 compared to >40 for men

HDL for women is <50 compared to < 40 for men

74
Q

Persistent proteinuria and microalbuminuria indicate…

Kidney stones
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Gallstones

A

Kidney disease

75
Q

Which kidney stones develop in acidic urine?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these

A

Oxalate

76
Q

Which kidney stones develop in alkaline urine?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these
Both phosphate and struvite
A

Both phosphate and struvite

77
Q

Which kidney stones require increased pH and supplementation with potassium citrate or bicarbonate for tx?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these

A

OXalate

78
Q

Which stones would require pH to be lowered with ammonium sulfate or high acidic diets?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these

A

Phosphate and struvite

79
Q

The SHINE protocol stands for SLEEP, HORMONAL DYSFUNCTION, INFECTIONS, OPTIMIZING NUTRITION, and EXERCISE. This is for treating which condition?

Restless leg syndrome
PCOS
Adrenal fatigue
Fibromyalgia

A

Fibromyalgia

80
Q

Which minerals are often low in Restless leg syndrome?
(there are 2)

Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Iron
Zinc
A

Mg and Fe

81
Q

Butterbur, B2, Alpha lipoic, Feverfew and Mg can be used to treat:

PCOS
Migraines
Osteoarthritis
RLS

A

Migraines

82
Q

How much B2 for migraines?

200-400mg/d
100-300 mg/d
400-600mg/d

A

200-400mg/d

83
Q

Which botanical down regulates eNOS and iNOS as its mechanism for migraine therapy?

Butterbur
Feverfew

A

Feverfew

84
Q

Which type of Magnesium is best for migraines?

Mg Oxide
Mg Malate
Mg Citrate
Mg Taurate
Mg Threonate
A

MG Threonate

85
Q

How much Taurine is useful for Hypertension (when used with Mg)?

500mg/d
1000-2000mg/d
2000-3000mg/d
4000mg/d

A

1000-2000mg/d

86
Q

GABA is the major __________ neurotransmitter

Excitatory
Calming

A

calming

87
Q

IgA tissue transaminase antibodies (tTGA) are the most sensitive for celiac

T/F

A

True

88
Q

IgA endomysial antibodies are not confirmatory of celiac when tTGA are positive.

T/F

A

False, they are confirmatory

89
Q

If a patient is IgA deficiency, which test can be used for detecting celiac instead of IgA tTGA?

IgG tTGA
IgG DGP-AGA
Both
Neither

A

Both IgG tGA and IgG DGP-AGA

90
Q

IgA AGA (anti-gliadin antibodies) are useful for dx of :

Celiac
Non-Celiac gluten sensitivity
Neither

A

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

91
Q

IgG DGP-AGA (deamidated gliadin peptides) are very highly specific for Celiac Disease

T/F

A

True

92
Q

LDH is a lab test to measure…

Tissue breakdown
Inflammation
Lactic acidosis

A

Tissue breakdown

93
Q

CK (creatine kinase) indicates breakdown of which tissues?

Muscle
Cardiac muscle
Brain tissue
All of these

A

All

94
Q

L-Arginine/L-Citrulline can be used for increasing sperm count and motility.

T/F

A

True

95
Q

Which amino acid serves as an energy substrate for spermatozoa and has antioxidant properties for testicles and sperm?

Arginine
Carnitine
Lysine
Taurine

A

Carnitine

Human Nutrition Comp Exam (31 decks)

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