560F Additional Info Flashcards by Monica Salvatierra

What is the optimal dosage of gamma and delta tocotrienols to reduce serum lipids?

500 mg
125 mg
750 mg
250 mg

250mg

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What energy nutrient is essential for a client with congestive heart failure?

Pantothenic Acid
Riboflavin
Glutamine
CoQ10

CoQ10

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What amino acid will enhance the anti-hypertensive effects of magnesium?

Histidine
Glycine
Taurine
Glutamine

Taurine

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Which two amino acids have been shown to lower high blood pressure?

Aspartate and Arginine
Arginine and Taurine
Glutamine and Glycine
Glycine and Taurine

Arginine and Taurine

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What would not be the appropriate follow up test for a macrocytic anemia?

Methylmalonic acid
Ferritin
Vitamin B12
Folate

Ferritin

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A vegetarian with congestive heart failure is most likely deficient in which nutrient?

Arginine
Omega 3 fatty acids
Folate
Carnitine

Carnitine

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Which of the following about lipoproteins is not significantly affected by diet and exercise?

HDL
LDL particle size
Lipoprotein (a)
Apolipoprotein B

Lp(a)

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Which cooking method will produce the lease AGEs in one’s diet?

Boil
Broil
Grill
Fry

Boil

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Which botanical is an analog to metformin?

Berberine
Bitter melon
Cinnamon
Fenugreek

Berberine

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Which vegetable juice has natural anti-HTN properties and acts as a vasodilator and a diuretic?

Cabbage
Celery
Watercress
Asparagus

Celery

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Which botanical contains a constituent called apigenin, which binds to central benzodiazepine receptors causing anti-anxiolytic effects?

Berberine
Passionflower
Rhodiola
Bitter Melon

Passionflower

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A client presents to your office with hypertension. He is currently on a beta-blocker and taking magnesium. He has a diet relatively high in sodium. What additional nutrient would you suggest may help?

Choline
Potassium
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C

Potassium

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Which nutrient is necessary for angiogenesis?

Zinc
Copper
Selenium
Argon

Copper

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What nutrient recommendation would not be suggested for a client with congestive heart failure?

Increased potassium
Decreased potassium

Decreased potassium

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Which vitamin plays a role in autoimmunity by its impact on balancing TH1 and TH2?

A
E
D
K

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Which is not true of Metformin?

Decreases homocysteine levels
Decreases folate
Decreases vitamin B12
Increases homocysteine

Decreases homocysteine levels

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Which is not true about artificial sweeteners (ie. Sucralose)?

Increases the abundance and diversity of the
beneficial bacteria in the GI tract
Alters insulin
Induce glucose intolerance
Alters glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level

Increases the abundance and diversity of the

beneficial bacteria in the GI tract

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What nutrient has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity by 20-30%?

Alpha Lipoic Acid
Vitamin B12
Carnitine
CoQ10

Alpha lipoic acid

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What fasting blood glucose is diagnostic of type II diabetes?

130 mg/dl
105 mg/dl
125 mg/dl
110 mg/dl

130 (technically anything above 126)

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Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in approximately what percent of IBS individuals?

10%
30%
50%
60%

10%

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Which nutrient can bind to a T-cell receptor and dampen the immune response?

Zinc carnosine
Quercetin
N-acetyl-cysteine
N-acetyl-glucosamine

N-acetyl-glucosamine

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What stool marker would be the most effective for monitoring disease activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

SIgA
Hs-CRP
EPX
Calprotectin

Calprotectin

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According to a 2012 study in the Journal of Immunology, at what vitamin D level was the highest degree of inflammatory inhibition seen?

70 ng/ml
50 ng/ml
30 ng/ml
15 ng/ml

50ng/ml

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What bacteria is associated with ulceration?

H. pylori
Proteus mirabilus
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae

H Pylori

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Which is not one of the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel disease? Onset associated with a change in form or appearance of stool Improvement with defecation Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool Changes between constipation and diarrhea for at least 3 months

Changes between constipation and diarrhea for at least 3 months

Atopic dermatitis is associated with what immunoglobulin? IgG IgM IgA IgE

IgE

What nutrient significantly inhibits carbohydrate-mediated tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by its effects on Galectin 3 proteins? Modified Citrus Pectin Quercetin Curcumin EGCg

Modified Citrus Pectin

What tocotrienol isomer has demonstrated the significant cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells? Alpha Beta Gamma Delta

Gamma

What form of Vitamin B3 has been used as a therapy for the osteoarthritis? Niacinamide Nicotinic acid

Niacinamide

Which is not a mechanism of action of vitamin C for osteoarthritis? Analgesic Decrease collagen degradation Increase collagen synthesis Increase proteoglycan synthesis

Analgesic

Which nutrient’s mechanism of actions is as an analgesic for osteoarthritis? Vitamin C Fish Oil SAMe

SAMe

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? MMA, MCV, MCH, RDW B12 deficiency anemia Folate deficiency anemia IDA

B12

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? FIGLU, MCV, MCH, RDW B12 deficiency anemia Folate deficiency anemia IDA

folate

Macrocytic and normochromic describes.... B12 deficiency anemia Folate deficiency anemia IDA Both b12 and folate

Both B12 and folate

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? RDW, TIBC B12 deficiency anemia Folate deficiency anemia IDA

IDA

The following labs are low in which type of anemia? Hct, Hgb, MCV, MCH, Ferritin, Transferrin B12 deficiency anemia Folate deficiency anemia IDA

IDA

Microcytic and hypochromic = B12 deficiency anemia Folate deficiency anemia IDA

IDA

HTN is caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune vascular dysfunction. T/F

Ferritin can be elevated during inflammation because it is also an acute phase reactant. T/F

True

Can Cadmium and Lead contribute to HTN?

Yes

Which nutrient is a vasodilator, and central alpha agonist and can lower HTN? Sodium Potassium Mg Selenium

Potassium

Which nutrient is a central alpha agonist and low levels can cause HTN (dose is rec'd at 50mg/day)? Potassium Magnesium Zinc Copper

Zinc

4-10 grams per day helps to stabilize normal BP due to its effect on NO synthesis. Arginine Taurine Magnesium

Argninine

Which amino acid can be a good adjunct to arginine in the tx of HTN? Taurine Lysine Citrulline Ornithine

Citrulline

Which botanical has ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker and diuretic actions? Hawthorn Garlic Berberine Bitter Melon

Hawthorn

Which botanical increases bradykinin and NO to help reduce HTN? Hawthorn Garlic Berberine Bitter Melon

Garlic

Dietary cholesterol intake does not alter serum cholesterol significantly. T/F

True

Increased refined CHO intake has no impact on lipids. T/F

False, great impact

Soluble fiber has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia | T/F

Monounsaturated fats like EVOO should be avoided with dyslipidemia T/F

FALSE.....should add to foods, will help reverse the dyslipidemia

Plant sterols at 2-3 grams per day can help dyslipidemia. T/F

True

Which of these can be beneficial for tx of dyslipidemia? ``` Citrus Bergamont EGCg Curcumin NAC Niacin Pantethine RYR Tocotrienols All of the above? ```

ALL of the above

In addition to carnitine and magnesium, which other nutrient(s) would help with CHF? CoQ10 D-Ribose Garlic RYR

CoQ10 and D-Ribose

Which drug has the following DNDs? Zinc, sodium ACE Inhibitors Anti-diabetics Antibiotics

ACE inhibitors

Which drug has the following DNDs? CoQ10, B12 , B9 ACE Inhibitors Anti-diabetics Antibiotics

Anti-diabetics

Antibiotics deplete B-vitamins, vit K. T/F

True

IBS dx requires adherence to Rome III criteria: at least 3 months, with onset at least 6 months previously of recurrent abdominal pain/discomfort associated with: Improvement with defecation Onset associated with change in stool frequency Onset associated with change in stool appearance Two or more of the above

Two or more

95% of serotonin is in the gut T/F

Serotonin affects IBS due to its involvement with visceral hypersensitivity. T/F

Which form of IBS has low serotonin usually associated with it? IBS - D IBS -C IBS- M

IBS C

Which form of IBS has high serotonin usually associated with it? IBS - D IBS -C IBS- M

IBS-D

Celiac confirmation requires a small bowel biopsy. T/F

True

Which are large molecules associated with gram negative bacteria that are also endotoxins? They are a sign of permeability/dysbiosis Zonulin Occludin Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (remember Dr Penn's comment "little pieces of shit")

Which protein regulates intestinal permeability, and high levels are signs of increased permeability? Occludin Zonulin Glutamine

Zonulin

Which protein holds the tight junctions together and are damaged by autoantibodies, leading to the breakdown of the junctions? Occludin Zonulin sIgA mucin

Occludin

What are the 4 R's?

Remove Replace Reinoculate Repair

A fasting glucose between 100-125 mg/dl is considered? Type 1 diabetic Type 2 diabetic Pre-diabetic Normal

Pre-diabetic

HbA1c between 5.7%-6.4% is.... Type 1 diabetic Type 2 diabetic Pre-diabetic Normal

Pre-diabetic

Gymnema, fenugreek, bitter melon, and berberine are botanicals that can be used to treat which condition? Asthma Arthritis Type 2 DM Adrenal Fatigue

Type 2 DM

Which condition stems from long term hyperglycemia that caused increased synthesis of FAs and TGs in liver? Sx include fatigue, URQ abdominal pain. PCOS Gallstones Kidney Stones NASH/NAFLD

NASH/NAFLD

With kidney stones, diet should be individualized to blood type. T/F

False....it should be based on STONE type

Met Syndrome requires how many of the following criteria for dx to be present at the same time in MEN? ``` Waist Circum above 40 TGs > 150 HDL < 40 BP > 130/85 Fasting glucose >100 ``` ALL of them 2 3

3 need to be present

Which Met Syn criteria are different for women than men? ``` Waist Circumference TGs HDL BP Fasting glucose ```

WC for women is >35 compared to >40 for men | HDL for women is <50 compared to < 40 for men

Persistent proteinuria and microalbuminuria indicate... Kidney stones Kidney disease Liver disease Gallstones

Kidney disease

Which kidney stones develop in acidic urine? Calcium Oxalate Calcium Phosphate Struvite All of these

Oxalate

Which kidney stones develop in alkaline urine? ``` Calcium Oxalate Calcium Phosphate Struvite All of these Both phosphate and struvite ```

Both phosphate and struvite

Which kidney stones require increased pH and supplementation with potassium citrate or bicarbonate for tx? Calcium Oxalate Calcium Phosphate Struvite All of these

OXalate

Which stones would require pH to be lowered with ammonium sulfate or high acidic diets? Calcium Oxalate Calcium Phosphate Struvite All of these

Phosphate and struvite

The SHINE protocol stands for SLEEP, HORMONAL DYSFUNCTION, INFECTIONS, OPTIMIZING NUTRITION, and EXERCISE. This is for treating which condition? Restless leg syndrome PCOS Adrenal fatigue Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia

Which minerals are often low in Restless leg syndrome? (there are 2) ``` Calcium Magnesium Potassium Iron Zinc ```

Mg and Fe

Butterbur, B2, Alpha lipoic, Feverfew and Mg can be used to treat: PCOS Migraines Osteoarthritis RLS

Migraines

How much B2 for migraines? 200-400mg/d 100-300 mg/d 400-600mg/d

200-400mg/d

Which botanical down regulates eNOS and iNOS as its mechanism for migraine therapy? Butterbur Feverfew

Feverfew

Which type of Magnesium is best for migraines? ``` Mg Oxide Mg Malate Mg Citrate Mg Taurate Mg Threonate ```

MG Threonate

How much Taurine is useful for Hypertension (when used with Mg)? 500mg/d 1000-2000mg/d 2000-3000mg/d 4000mg/d

1000-2000mg/d

GABA is the major __________ neurotransmitter Excitatory Calming

calming

IgA tissue transaminase antibodies (tTGA) are the most sensitive for celiac T/F

True

IgA endomysial antibodies are not confirmatory of celiac when tTGA are positive. T/F

False, they are confirmatory

If a patient is IgA deficiency, which test can be used for detecting celiac instead of IgA tTGA? IgG tTGA IgG DGP-AGA Both Neither

Both IgG tGA and IgG DGP-AGA

IgA AGA (anti-gliadin antibodies) are useful for dx of : Celiac Non-Celiac gluten sensitivity Neither

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

IgG DGP-AGA (deamidated gliadin peptides) are very highly specific for Celiac Disease T/F

True

LDH is a lab test to measure... Tissue breakdown Inflammation Lactic acidosis

Tissue breakdown

CK (creatine kinase) indicates breakdown of which tissues? Muscle Cardiac muscle Brain tissue All of these

All

L-Arginine/L-Citrulline can be used for increasing sperm count and motility. T/F

True

Which amino acid serves as an energy substrate for spermatozoa and has antioxidant properties for testicles and sperm? Arginine Carnitine Lysine Taurine

Carnitine