Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Nutrition Comp Exam > 560F Additional Info > Flashcards

560F Additional Info Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimal dosage of gamma and delta tocotrienols to reduce serum lipids?

500 mg
125 mg
750 mg
250 mg

A

250mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What energy nutrient is essential for a client with congestive heart failure?

Pantothenic Acid
Riboflavin
Glutamine
CoQ10

A

CoQ10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What amino acid will enhance the anti-hypertensive effects of magnesium?

Histidine
Glycine
Taurine
Glutamine

A

Taurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which two amino acids have been shown to lower high blood pressure?

Aspartate and Arginine
Arginine and Taurine
Glutamine and Glycine
Glycine and Taurine

A

Arginine and Taurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would not be the appropriate follow up test for a macrocytic anemia?

Methylmalonic acid
Ferritin
Vitamin B12
Folate

A

Ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A vegetarian with congestive heart failure is most likely deficient in which nutrient?

Arginine
Omega 3 fatty acids
Folate
Carnitine

A

Carnitine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following about lipoproteins is not significantly affected by diet and exercise?

HDL
LDL particle size
Lipoprotein (a)
Apolipoprotein B

A

Lp(a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cooking method will produce the lease AGEs in one’s diet?

Boil
Broil
Grill
Fry

A

Boil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which botanical is an analog to metformin?

Berberine
Bitter melon
Cinnamon
Fenugreek

A

Berberine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which vegetable juice has natural anti-HTN properties and acts as a vasodilator and a diuretic?

Cabbage
Celery
Watercress
Asparagus

A

Celery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which botanical contains a constituent called apigenin, which binds to central benzodiazepine receptors causing anti-anxiolytic effects?

Berberine
Passionflower
Rhodiola
Bitter Melon

A

Passionflower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A client presents to your office with hypertension. He is currently on a beta-blocker and taking magnesium. He has a diet relatively high in sodium. What additional nutrient would you suggest may help?

Choline
Potassium
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which nutrient is necessary for angiogenesis?

Zinc
Copper
Selenium
Argon

A

Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nutrient recommendation would not be suggested for a client with congestive heart failure?

Increased potassium
Decreased potassium

A

Decreased potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which vitamin plays a role in autoimmunity by its impact on balancing TH1 and TH2?

A
E
D
K

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is not true of Metformin?

Decreases homocysteine levels
Decreases folate
Decreases vitamin B12
Increases homocysteine

A

Decreases homocysteine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which is not true about artificial sweeteners (ie. Sucralose)?

Increases the abundance and diversity of the
beneficial bacteria in the GI tract
Alters insulin
Induce glucose intolerance
Alters glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level

A

Increases the abundance and diversity of the

beneficial bacteria in the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What nutrient has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity by 20-30%?

Alpha Lipoic Acid
Vitamin B12
Carnitine
CoQ10

A

Alpha lipoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What fasting blood glucose is diagnostic of type II diabetes?

130 mg/dl
105 mg/dl
125 mg/dl
110 mg/dl

A

130 (technically anything above 126)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in approximately what percent of IBS individuals?

10%
30%
50%
60%

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which nutrient can bind to a T-cell receptor and dampen the immune response?

Zinc carnosine
Quercetin
N-acetyl-cysteine
N-acetyl-glucosamine

A

N-acetyl-glucosamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What stool marker would be the most effective for monitoring disease activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

SIgA
Hs-CRP
EPX
Calprotectin

A

Calprotectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

According to a 2012 study in the Journal of Immunology, at what vitamin D level was the highest degree of inflammatory inhibition seen?

70 ng/ml
50 ng/ml
30 ng/ml
15 ng/ml

A

50ng/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What bacteria is associated with ulceration?

H. pylori
Proteus mirabilus
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

H Pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which is not one of the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel disease?

Onset associated with a change in form or appearance of stool
Improvement with defecation
Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool
Changes between constipation and diarrhea for at least 3 months

A

Changes between constipation and diarrhea for at least 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Atopic dermatitis is associated with what immunoglobulin?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What nutrient significantly inhibits carbohydrate-mediated tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by its effects on Galectin 3 proteins?

Modified Citrus Pectin
Quercetin
Curcumin
EGCg

A

Modified Citrus Pectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What tocotrienol isomer has demonstrated the significant cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells?

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta

A

Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What form of Vitamin B3 has been used as a therapy for the osteoarthritis?

Niacinamide
Nicotinic acid

A

Niacinamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which is not a mechanism of action of vitamin C for osteoarthritis?

Analgesic
Decrease collagen degradation
Increase collagen synthesis
Increase proteoglycan synthesis

A

Analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which nutrient’s mechanism of actions is as an analgesic for osteoarthritis?

Vitamin C
Fish Oil
SAMe

A

SAMe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? MMA, MCV, MCH, RDW

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? FIGLU, MCV, MCH, RDW

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Macrocytic and normochromic describes….

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA
Both b12 and folate

A

Both B12 and folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The following labs are elevated in which type of anemia? RDW, TIBC

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The following labs are low in which type of anemia? Hct, Hgb, MCV, MCH, Ferritin, Transferrin

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Microcytic and hypochromic =

B12 deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
IDA

A

IDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

HTN is caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune vascular dysfunction.

T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ferritin can be elevated during inflammation because it is also an acute phase reactant.

T/F

40
Q

Can Cadmium and Lead contribute to HTN?

41
Q

Which nutrient is a vasodilator, and central alpha agonist and can lower HTN?

Sodium
Potassium
Mg
Selenium

42
Q

Which nutrient is a central alpha agonist and low levels can cause HTN (dose is rec’d at 50mg/day)?

Potassium
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper

43
Q

4-10 grams per day helps to stabilize normal BP due to its effect on NO synthesis.

Arginine
Taurine
Magnesium

44
Q

Which amino acid can be a good adjunct to arginine in the tx of HTN?

Taurine
Lysine
Citrulline
Ornithine

A

Citrulline

45
Q

Which botanical has ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker and diuretic actions?

Hawthorn
Garlic
Berberine
Bitter Melon

46
Q

Which botanical increases bradykinin and NO to help reduce HTN?

Hawthorn
Garlic
Berberine
Bitter Melon

47
Q

Dietary cholesterol intake does not alter serum cholesterol significantly.

T/F

48
Q

Increased refined CHO intake has no impact on lipids.

T/F

A

False, great impact

49
Q

Soluble fiber has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia

T/F

50
Q

Monounsaturated fats like EVOO should be avoided with dyslipidemia

T/F

A

FALSE…..should add to foods, will help reverse the dyslipidemia

51
Q

Plant sterols at 2-3 grams per day can help dyslipidemia.

T/F

52
Q

Which of these can be beneficial for tx of dyslipidemia?

Citrus Bergamont
EGCg
Curcumin
NAC
Niacin
Pantethine
RYR
Tocotrienols
All of the above?
A

ALL of the above

53
Q

In addition to carnitine and magnesium, which other nutrient(s) would help with CHF?

CoQ10
D-Ribose
Garlic
RYR

A

CoQ10 and D-Ribose

54
Q

Which drug has the following DNDs? Zinc, sodium

ACE Inhibitors
Anti-diabetics
Antibiotics

A

ACE inhibitors

55
Q

Which drug has the following DNDs? CoQ10, B12 , B9

ACE Inhibitors
Anti-diabetics
Antibiotics

A

Anti-diabetics

56
Q

Antibiotics deplete B-vitamins, vit K.

T/F

57
Q

IBS dx requires adherence to Rome III criteria: at least 3 months, with onset at least 6 months previously of recurrent abdominal pain/discomfort associated with:

Improvement with defecation
Onset associated with change in stool frequency
Onset associated with change in stool appearance
Two or more of the above

A

Two or more

58
Q

95% of serotonin is in the gut

T/F

59
Q

Serotonin affects IBS due to its involvement with visceral hypersensitivity.

T/F

60
Q

Which form of IBS has low serotonin usually associated with it?

IBS - D
IBS -C
IBS- M

61
Q

Which form of IBS has high serotonin usually associated with it?

IBS - D
IBS -C
IBS- M

62
Q

Celiac confirmation requires a small bowel biopsy.

T/F

63
Q

Which are large molecules associated with gram negative bacteria that are also endotoxins? They are a sign of permeability/dysbiosis

Zonulin
Occludin
Lipopolysaccharides

A

Lipopolysaccharides (remember Dr Penn’s comment “little pieces of shit”)

64
Q

Which protein regulates intestinal permeability, and high levels are signs of increased permeability?

Occludin
Zonulin
Glutamine

65
Q

Which protein holds the tight junctions together and are damaged by autoantibodies, leading to the breakdown of the junctions?

Occludin
Zonulin
sIgA
mucin

66
Q

What are the 4 R’s?

A

Remove
Replace
Reinoculate
Repair

67
Q

A fasting glucose between 100-125 mg/dl is considered?

Type 1 diabetic
Type 2 diabetic
Pre-diabetic
Normal

A

Pre-diabetic

68
Q

HbA1c between 5.7%-6.4% is….

Type 1 diabetic
Type 2 diabetic
Pre-diabetic
Normal

A

Pre-diabetic

69
Q

Gymnema, fenugreek, bitter melon, and berberine are botanicals that can be used to treat which condition?

Asthma
Arthritis
Type 2 DM
Adrenal Fatigue

70
Q

Which condition stems from long term hyperglycemia that caused increased synthesis of FAs and TGs in liver? Sx include fatigue, URQ abdominal pain.

PCOS
Gallstones
Kidney Stones
NASH/NAFLD

A

NASH/NAFLD

71
Q

With kidney stones, diet should be individualized to blood type.

T/F

A

False….it should be based on STONE type

72
Q

Met Syndrome requires how many of the following criteria for dx to be present at the same time in MEN?

             Waist Circum above 40 
             TGs > 150
             HDL < 40
             BP > 130/85
             Fasting glucose >100

ALL of them
2
3

A

3 need to be present

73
Q

Which Met Syn criteria are different for women than men?

Waist Circumference
TGs
HDL
BP
Fasting glucose
A

WC for women is >35 compared to >40 for men

HDL for women is <50 compared to < 40 for men

74
Q

Persistent proteinuria and microalbuminuria indicate…

Kidney stones
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Gallstones

A

Kidney disease

75
Q

Which kidney stones develop in acidic urine?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these

76
Q

Which kidney stones develop in alkaline urine?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these
Both phosphate and struvite
A

Both phosphate and struvite

77
Q

Which kidney stones require increased pH and supplementation with potassium citrate or bicarbonate for tx?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these

78
Q

Which stones would require pH to be lowered with ammonium sulfate or high acidic diets?

Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
All of these

A

Phosphate and struvite

79
Q

The SHINE protocol stands for SLEEP, HORMONAL DYSFUNCTION, INFECTIONS, OPTIMIZING NUTRITION, and EXERCISE. This is for treating which condition?

Restless leg syndrome
PCOS
Adrenal fatigue
Fibromyalgia

A

Fibromyalgia

80
Q

Which minerals are often low in Restless leg syndrome?
(there are 2)

Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Iron
Zinc
81
Q

Butterbur, B2, Alpha lipoic, Feverfew and Mg can be used to treat:

PCOS
Migraines
Osteoarthritis
RLS

82
Q

How much B2 for migraines?

200-400mg/d
100-300 mg/d
400-600mg/d

A

200-400mg/d

83
Q

Which botanical down regulates eNOS and iNOS as its mechanism for migraine therapy?

Butterbur
Feverfew

84
Q

Which type of Magnesium is best for migraines?

Mg Oxide
Mg Malate
Mg Citrate
Mg Taurate
Mg Threonate
A

MG Threonate

85
Q

How much Taurine is useful for Hypertension (when used with Mg)?

500mg/d
1000-2000mg/d
2000-3000mg/d
4000mg/d

A

1000-2000mg/d

86
Q

GABA is the major __________ neurotransmitter

Excitatory
Calming

87
Q

IgA tissue transaminase antibodies (tTGA) are the most sensitive for celiac

T/F

88
Q

IgA endomysial antibodies are not confirmatory of celiac when tTGA are positive.

T/F

A

False, they are confirmatory

89
Q

If a patient is IgA deficiency, which test can be used for detecting celiac instead of IgA tTGA?

IgG tTGA
IgG DGP-AGA
Both
Neither

A

Both IgG tGA and IgG DGP-AGA

90
Q

IgA AGA (anti-gliadin antibodies) are useful for dx of :

Celiac
Non-Celiac gluten sensitivity
Neither

A

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

91
Q

IgG DGP-AGA (deamidated gliadin peptides) are very highly specific for Celiac Disease

T/F

92
Q

LDH is a lab test to measure…

Tissue breakdown
Inflammation
Lactic acidosis

A

Tissue breakdown

93
Q

CK (creatine kinase) indicates breakdown of which tissues?

Muscle
Cardiac muscle
Brain tissue
All of these

94
Q

L-Arginine/L-Citrulline can be used for increasing sperm count and motility.

T/F

95
Q

Which amino acid serves as an energy substrate for spermatozoa and has antioxidant properties for testicles and sperm?

Arginine
Carnitine
Lysine
Taurine

Human Nutrition Comp Exam (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions