560 B Pathways

Question 1

T/F In Glycogenesis, glycogen is created from alpha-d-glucose.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Where does glycogenesis occur?

Answer 2

In the cytosol

Question 3

T/F Glycogen is created to store glucose in a rapidly mobilizable form.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Most cells perform glycogenesis, but glycogen is mainly stored in:

Answer 4

Liver and skeletal muscle cells

Question 5

Liver stores of glycogen _______ in a well-fed state.

Answer 5

increase

Question 6

T/F Muscle glycogen is affected by short periods of fasting.

Answer 6

FALSE, it remains stable

Question 7

T/F Muscle glycogen is depleted after strenuous exercise

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The alpha (1-4) glycosidic linkages are made by which enzyme?

Answer 8

Glycogen synthase

Question 9

Which pathway degrades glycogen?

Answer 9

Glycogenolysis

Question 10

T/F Glycogenolysis occurs in the cytosol.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F The same enzymes are used for glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

Glycogenolysis.

What is the primary product of breaking the alpha (1,4) bonds?

Answer 12

Glucose 1-phosphate

Question 13

Glycogenolysis

What is the primary product of breaking the alpha (1,6) bonds?

Answer 13

Free glucose

Question 14

Glycogenolysis.

Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves the alpha (1,4) bonds at the non-reducing end of the chain and requires which coenzyme?

Answer 14

B6

Question 15

Glycogenolysis.

T/F Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate in the cytosol.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Glycogenolysis.

In the LIVER, G6P is converted in the ER of the cell into glucose by which enzyme prior to release into the blood?

Answer 16

Glucose -6-phosphatase

Question 17

Glycogenolysis.

T/F Glucose-6-phosphate in the muscle cell is dephosphorylated into glucose, just like in the liver.

Answer 17

FALSE. No G6-phosphatase in the muscle cell. the G6p goes right into glycolysis

Question 18

Glycogenolysis.

T/F Muscle cell glucose-6-phosphate enters into glycolysis to produce energy.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase are hormonally regulated to respond to the energy needs of the cell, so glycogenesis/glycogenolysis remain in a constant cycle.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

True/False

Answer 20

FALSE, in the cytosol

Question 21

Glycolysis.
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is LACTATE.

True/False

Answer 21

FALSE…it’s pyruvate

Question 22

Glycolysis.
Lactate is the end product of…..

1) Anaerobic glycolysis
2) Aerobic glycolysis

Answer 22

1) anaerobic

Question 23

In aerobic glycolysis, _________ is formed and later converted to ________ for entry into the TCA cycle.

1) lactate, pyruvate
2) pyruvate, lactate
3) lactate, Acetyl CoA
4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA

Answer 23

4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA

Question 24

Hexosmonophosphate Shunt (HMP)/Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) occur in the CYTOSOL.

True.False

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

PPP creates 2 _______ for every glucose-6-p that enters in the oxidative phase,

Answer 25

3) NADPH

Question 26

T/F The non-oxidative PPP phase creates ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Gluconeogenesis precursors:

Answer 27

Lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol

Question 28

T/F Gluconeogensis requires both cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

90% of gluconeogenesis occurs in the____, while 10% occurs in the ______.

Answer 29

liver, kidney