560 B Pathways Flashcards
T/F In Glycogenesis, glycogen is created from alpha-d-glucose.
True
Where does glycogenesis occur?
In the cytosol
T/F Glycogen is created to store glucose in a rapidly mobilizable form.
True
Most cells perform glycogenesis, but glycogen is mainly stored in:
Liver and skeletal muscle cells
Liver stores of glycogen _______ in a well-fed state.
increase
T/F Muscle glycogen is affected by short periods of fasting.
FALSE, it remains stable
T/F Muscle glycogen is depleted after strenuous exercise
True
The alpha (1-4) glycosidic linkages are made by which enzyme?
Glycogen synthase
Which pathway degrades glycogen?
Glycogenolysis
T/F Glycogenolysis occurs in the cytosol.
True
T/F The same enzymes are used for glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
FALSE
Glycogenolysis.
What is the primary product of breaking the alpha (1,4) bonds?
Glucose 1-phosphate
Glycogenolysis
What is the primary product of breaking the alpha (1,6) bonds?
Free glucose
Glycogenolysis.
Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves the alpha (1,4) bonds at the non-reducing end of the chain and requires which coenzyme?
B6
Glycogenolysis.
T/F Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate in the cytosol.
True
Glycogenolysis.
In the LIVER, G6P is converted in the ER of the cell into glucose by which enzyme prior to release into the blood?
Glucose -6-phosphatase
Glycogenolysis.
T/F Glucose-6-phosphate in the muscle cell is dephosphorylated into glucose, just like in the liver.
FALSE. No G6-phosphatase in the muscle cell. the G6p goes right into glycolysis
Glycogenolysis.
T/F Muscle cell glucose-6-phosphate enters into glycolysis to produce energy.
True
T/F Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase are hormonally regulated to respond to the energy needs of the cell, so glycogenesis/glycogenolysis remain in a constant cycle.
TRUE
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.
True/False
FALSE, in the cytosol
Glycolysis.
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is LACTATE.
True/False
FALSE…it’s pyruvate
Glycolysis.
Lactate is the end product of…..
1) Anaerobic glycolysis
2) Aerobic glycolysis
1) anaerobic
In aerobic glycolysis, _________ is formed and later converted to ________ for entry into the TCA cycle.
1) lactate, pyruvate
2) pyruvate, lactate
3) lactate, Acetyl CoA
4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA
4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA
Hexosmonophosphate Shunt (HMP)/Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) occur in the CYTOSOL.
True.False
TRUE
PPP creates 2 _______ for every glucose-6-p that enters in the oxidative phase,
3) NADPH
T/F The non-oxidative PPP phase creates ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.
TRUE
Gluconeogenesis precursors:
Lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol
T/F Gluconeogensis requires both cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes.
True
90% of gluconeogenesis occurs in the____, while 10% occurs in the ______.
liver, kidney
