560A Pathology - Test only Flashcards
Which of the following is not a member of the cytokine family?
a. interleukin
b. tumor necrosis factor
c. T lymphocyte
d. interferon
c. T lymphocyte
The most selective antimicrobial activity (toxic to bacteria but little or no effect on human cells) would be exhibited by a drug that:
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Most cases of lobar pneumonia are caused by:
Pneumococcus (streptococcus pneumoniae)
Infections with viruses cause various clinical manifestations. Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of a virus infection?
A. The virus damages or destroys infected cells.
B. Formation of inclusion bodies in infected cells
C. Production of endotoxins
D. The virus causes proliferation of infected cells.
E. The virus infects cells but causes only an asymptomatic (latent) infection.
C. Production of endotoxins
a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates. It is sometimes responsible for the characteristic symptoms of a disease, e.g., in botulism.
Coccidioidomycosis is generally an acute, self-limited respiratory infection that subsides without treatment, but a more serious, chronic progressive form is often encountered in:
Immunocompromised persons
An immunoglobulin found in the blood that is a clump of five molecules (a pentamer) is:
IgM (M has 5 points)
Autoimmune diseases are caused by __________.
Autoantibodies
Example of an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction?
Penicillin reaction with blood pressure drop. Respiratory distress in a person who has become sensitized to penicillin after another pen injection.
Penicillin is an antibiotic that works by way of which mechanism.
Inhibition of cell-wall synthesis
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to autoimmune diseases?
A. Due to an autoantibody directed against an individual’s own cells or tissue components
B. Often treated by drugs that suppress the inflammatory reaction
C. Inflammation usually responds to penicillin or other bacterial antibiotics.
D. May result from autoantibodies formed against foreign antigens that cross-react with components in similar antigens possessed by the subject’s own tissues
C. Inflammation usually responds to penicillin or other bacterial antibiotics.
Cytokines that send regulatory signals between cells of the immune system are __________.
Interleukins
The desirable effect of the immune system, in which foreign antigens are eliminated, is called__________.
Immunity
Which of the following statements regarding the organism causing anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is INCORRECT?
A. The organism is a gram-positive spore-forming aerobic bacillus.
B. The organism can be used as a bioterrorism/germ warfare agent.
C. Inhalation of anthrax spores may cause a severe pulmonary infection.
D. Pulmonary anthrax caused by inhalation of anthrax spores can be prevented by a short (1 to 2 week) course of antibiotics because the organism is sensitive to antibiotics.
D. Pulmonary anthrax caused by inhalation of anthrax spores can be prevented by a short (1 to 2 week) course of antibiotics because the organism is sensitive to antibiotics.
Which of the following describes an atopic person?
An individual who is prone to having allergies
__________ are antibodies produced by plasma cells.
Immunoglobulins
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify bacteria?
A. Biochemical and cultural characteristics B. Shape C. Antigenic structure D. Virulence E. Gram-stain reaction
D. Virulence
__________ are chemical messengers that take part in any function of the immune system.
Cytokines
________ immunity is characterized by the formation of a population of lymphocytes that can attack and destroy the foreign material.
Cell-mediated
The fundamental structure of a virus consists essentially of a core containing a single nucleic acid enclosed within a protein coat. What is the outer protein coat called?
Capsid
__________ immunity is associated with the production of antibodies that can combine and eliminate the foreign material.
Humoral
Most of the lymphocytes in the circulation would be classified as what?
T lymphocytes
Which of the following is an antiviral substance produced by virus-infected cells?
Interferon
Which of the following statement regarding antigens and antibodies is INCORRECT?
A. An antigen is a substance that can induce formation of an antibody in a person whose own cells and tissues lack the antigen.
B. An antibody is a globulin made by plasma cells (which are derived from B lymphocytes).
C. Normally our own immune system will not produce antibodies that are directed against antigens present in our own cells and tissues.
D. Most antibodies are produced by either helper T lymphocytes (T4 cells) or suppressor T lymphocytes(T8 cells) when they are stimulated by a foreign antigen.
D. Most antibodies are produced by either helper T lymphocytes (T4 cells) or suppressor T lymphocytes(T8 cells) when they are stimulated by a foreign antigen.
John Jones was exposed to a person who was ill with an infectious disease, and John received an injection of globulin to provide protection against the infectious agent to which he was exposed. What is the class of antibody in the gamma globulin that provides the protection?
IgG