560E Additional Info (+)

Question 1

Waist circumference for a male that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.

Answer 1

40 inches

Question 2

Waist circumference for a female that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.

Answer 2

35 inches

Question 3

A waist/hip ratio of less than ____ is ideal.

Answer 3

1

Question 4

BIA is based on difference in electrolyte content between ____ and ______ tissues.

Answer 4

fat / fat-free

Question 5

The following are ways to assess which disorder?
Hills/valley in hands
Chair Test
DEXA
BIA
Grip test
Creatine excretion

Answer 5

Sarcopenia

Question 6

Visceral fat is ____________.

Answer 6

pro-inflammatory

Question 7

__________ is associated with dysmetabolism and vascular conditions.

Answer 7

Inflammation

Question 8

CVD event predictors (2)

Answer 8

Waist circumference

W/H ratio

Question 9

Dark red urine is likely due to bleeding in the ______.

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

Bright red urine is likely from bleeding due to ______.

Answer 10

UTI

Question 11

Dark yellow urine is usually seen in _________.

Answer 11

increased levels of urobilinogen or bilirubin

Question 12

Rhubarb can turn urine _______, while beets can turn it _______.

Answer 12

brown, red

Question 13

Sweet smell of urine indicates _________.

Answer 13

ketoacidosis

Question 14

Foul odor of urine indicates _________.

Answer 14

UTI

Question 15

In terms of pH, diets high in fruits and vegetables produce urine that is ____________.

Answer 15

alkaline

Question 16

Meats produce urine that is more ____________.

Answer 16

acidic

Question 17

________ is a sensitive indicator of kidney functioning.

Answer 17

Protein

Question 18

Specific gravity is used to evaluate _________ power of kidneys.

Answer 18

excretory

Question 19

Elevated _________ indicates obstruction of the bile duct by gallstones.

Answer 19

bilirubin

Question 20

_____________ is bile transformed in the bowel by bacteria, some of which is excreted by the kidneys.

Answer 20

Urobilinogen

Question 21

Do crystals indicate likely stone formation?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Cellular (from degenerated cells) and Hyaline (from protein) are types of __________.

Answer 22

urinary casts

Question 23

BUN is an indirect measure of ______ and ______.

Answer 23

renal function and GFR

Question 24

Which peptide connects the alpha and beta chains of proinsulin?

Answer 24

C-peptide

Question 25

__________ accurately reflects islet cell function and correlates with insulin levels (except in obese patients and insulinomas).

Answer 25

C-peptide

Question 26

Assessing Insulin Resistance and monitoring diabetes can be done with the following tests (6):

Answer 26

``` A1c > 6.5 Fasting blood glucose Glucose tolerance (OGTT) HDL < 35 TG > 250 CRP > 3 ```

Question 27

HDL should be _____ for males and _____ for females.

Answer 27

> 45 (males) and > 55 (females)

Question 28

TGs should be _____ for men and ______ for women

Answer 28

< 160 (males) and < 135 (females)

Question 29

3 out of these 5 criteria need to be met for MetSyndrome diagnosis:

Answer 29

``` Elevated WC (> 35 females, > 40 for males) Elevated TGs (> 150) Low HDL (< 40 males, < 50 females) High BP (> 130/85) High fasting blood sugar (>100) ```

Question 30

Endothelial dysfunction is a combination of ________ and __________.

Answer 30

inflammation and oxidative stress

Question 31

Total protein is measured as ______ and ______.

Answer 31

albumin and globulin

Question 32

Lipids are classified by _________.

Answer 32

density

Question 33

LDL particle size is the _______ important lipoprotein predictor of CV events.

Answer 33

MOST

Question 34

Ferritin is most sensitive to determine _______.

Answer 34

IDA

Question 35

Ferritin should be used in conjunction with TIBC and other markers because it can be elevated due to __________ and _________.

Answer 35

infection/inflammation and liver disease.

Question 36

What is a measurement of all proteins available for binding iron?

Answer 36

TIBC

Question 37

Which iron-binding protein exists in the largest quantity?

Answer 37

Transferrin

Question 38

________ is better for diagnosing iron overload than deficiency.

Answer 38

Serum iron

Question 39

PTH regulates blood ________ levels.

Answer 39

calcium

Question 40

Plasma zinc is bound by ________.

Answer 40

albumin

Question 41

________ contains 10x more zinc than plasma

Answer 41

RBC zinc

Question 42

Metallothionen regulates which mineral metabolism?

Answer 42

zinc and copper

Question 43

Which mineral affects Delta-6-Desaturase (active in LA to GLA conversion)?

Answer 43

Zinc

Question 44

________ is necessary for normal iron metabolism and RBC synthesis.

Answer 44

Copper

Question 45

Zinc deficiency can exacerbate ________.

Answer 45

IDA (iron deficiency anemia)

Question 46

WBCs could be low due to _______, and _______ issues.

Answer 46

iron/B12 deficiency and stress/hormonal issues

Question 47

______ platelets could indicate iron deficiency

Answer 47

High

Question 48

______ platelets could indicate b12/folate deficiency

Answer 48

Low

Question 49

Changes in _______ output would be expected with HPA abnormalities.

Answer 49

Cortisol

Question 50

__________ is related to HPA abnormalities.

Answer 50

Adrenal fatigue

Question 51

Is AST specific for liver disease?

Answer 51

Not by itself, combined with ALT.

Question 52

AST/ALT ratio ______ can indicate liver disease.

Answer 52

> 1

Question 53

TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) is used to measure:

Answer 53

lipid peroxidation products

Question 54

``` Which would have the least effect on TBARS? B6 CoQ10 Vit C Vit E ```

Answer 54

B6

Question 55

Functional tests which assess oxidative changes in lipids can assess status of ________.

Answer 55

Vitamin E

Question 56

Angular stomatitis and cheliosis (dry, cracking, ulcerated lips) are caused by deficiencies of:

Answer 56

B2, B3 and B6

Question 57

Atrophic lingual papillae and glossitis have these common deficiencies:

Answer 57

B2, B3, B9, and B12

Question 58

Glossitis is caused by a lack of B2, B3, B9, B12 and...

Answer 58

B6

Question 59

Atrophic lingual papillae is caused by a lack of B2, B3, B9, B12, _______ and _______.

Answer 59

protein, iron

Question 60

Systolic BP of 120-139 combined with diastolic 80-99 is:

Answer 60

Pre-HTN

Question 61

BP of 140/90 to 159/99 is:

Answer 61

Stage 1 HTN

Question 62

BP > 160/100 is:

Answer 62

Stage 2 HTN