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Human Nutrition Comp Exam > 560E Additional Info (+) > Flashcards

560E Additional Info (+) Flashcards

1
Q

Waist circumference for a male that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.

A

40 inches

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2
Q

Waist circumference for a female that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.

A

35 inches

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3
Q

A waist/hip ratio of less than ____ is ideal.

A

1

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4
Q

BIA is based on difference in electrolyte content between ____ and ______ tissues.

A

fat / fat-free

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5
Q 
The following are ways to assess which disorder?
Hills/valley in hands
Chair Test
DEXA
BIA
Grip test
Creatine excretion
A

Sarcopenia

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6
Q

Visceral fat is ____________.

A

pro-inflammatory

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7
Q

__________ is associated with dysmetabolism and vascular conditions.

A

Inflammation

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8
Q

CVD event predictors (2)

A

Waist circumference

W/H ratio

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9
Q

Dark red urine is likely due to bleeding in the ______.

A

kidneys

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10
Q

Bright red urine is likely from bleeding due to ______.

A

UTI

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11
Q

Dark yellow urine is usually seen in _________.

A

increased levels of urobilinogen or bilirubin

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12
Q

Rhubarb can turn urine _______, while beets can turn it _______.

A

brown, red

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13
Q

Sweet smell of urine indicates _________.

A

ketoacidosis

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14
Q

Foul odor of urine indicates _________.

A

UTI

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15
Q

In terms of pH, diets high in fruits and vegetables produce urine that is ____________.

A

alkaline

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16
Q

Meats produce urine that is more ____________.

A

acidic

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17
Q

________ is a sensitive indicator of kidney functioning.

A

Protein

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18
Q

Specific gravity is used to evaluate _________ power of kidneys.

A

excretory

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19
Q

Elevated _________ indicates obstruction of the bile duct by gallstones.

A

bilirubin

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20
Q

_____________ is bile transformed in the bowel by bacteria, some of which is excreted by the kidneys.

A

Urobilinogen

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21
Q

Do crystals indicate likely stone formation?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Cellular (from degenerated cells) and Hyaline (from protein) are types of __________.

A

urinary casts

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23
Q

BUN is an indirect measure of ______ and ______.

A

renal function and GFR

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24
Q

Which peptide connects the alpha and beta chains of proinsulin?

A

C-peptide

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25
Q

__________ accurately reflects islet cell function and correlates with insulin levels (except in obese patients and insulinomas).

A

C-peptide

26
Q

Assessing Insulin Resistance and monitoring diabetes can be done with the following tests (6):

A 
A1c > 6.5
Fasting blood glucose
Glucose tolerance (OGTT)
HDL < 35
TG > 250
CRP > 3
27
Q

HDL should be _____ for males and _____ for females.

A

> 45 (males) and > 55 (females)

28
Q

TGs should be _____ for men and ______ for women

A

< 160 (males) and < 135 (females)

29
Q

3 out of these 5 criteria need to be met for MetSyndrome diagnosis:

A 
Elevated WC (> 35 females, > 40 for males)
Elevated TGs (> 150)
Low HDL (< 40 males, < 50 females)
High BP (> 130/85)
High fasting blood sugar (>100)
30
Q

Endothelial dysfunction is a combination of ________ and __________.

A

inflammation and oxidative stress

31
Q

Total protein is measured as ______ and ______.

A

albumin and globulin

32
Q

Lipids are classified by _________.

A

density

33
Q

LDL particle size is the _______ important lipoprotein predictor of CV events.

A

MOST

34
Q

Ferritin is most sensitive to determine _______.

A

IDA

35
Q

Ferritin should be used in conjunction with TIBC and other markers because it can be elevated due to
__________ and _________.

A

infection/inflammation and liver disease.

36
Q

What is a measurement of all proteins available for binding iron?

A

TIBC

37
Q

Which iron-binding protein exists in the largest quantity?

A

Transferrin

38
Q

________ is better for diagnosing iron overload than deficiency.

A

Serum iron

39
Q

PTH regulates blood ________ levels.

A

calcium

40
Q

Plasma zinc is bound by ________.

A

albumin

41
Q

________ contains 10x more zinc than plasma

A

RBC zinc

42
Q

Metallothionen regulates which mineral metabolism?

A

zinc and copper

43
Q

Which mineral affects Delta-6-Desaturase (active in LA to GLA conversion)?

A

Zinc

44
Q

________ is necessary for normal iron metabolism and RBC synthesis.

A

Copper

45
Q

Zinc deficiency can exacerbate ________.

A

IDA (iron deficiency anemia)

46
Q

WBCs could be low due to _______, and _______ issues.

A

iron/B12 deficiency and stress/hormonal issues

47
Q

______ platelets could indicate iron deficiency

A

High

48
Q

______ platelets could indicate b12/folate deficiency

A

Low

49
Q

Changes in _______ output would be expected with HPA abnormalities.

A

Cortisol

50
Q

__________ is related to HPA abnormalities.

A

Adrenal fatigue

51
Q

Is AST specific for liver disease?

A

Not by itself, combined with ALT.

52
Q

AST/ALT ratio ______ can indicate liver disease.

A

> 1

53
Q

TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) is used to measure:

A

lipid peroxidation products

54
Q 
Which would have the least effect on TBARS?
B6
CoQ10
Vit C
Vit E
A

B6

55
Q

Functional tests which assess oxidative changes in lipids can assess status of ________.

A

Vitamin E

56
Q

Angular stomatitis and cheliosis (dry, cracking, ulcerated lips) are caused by deficiencies of:

A

B2, B3 and B6

57
Q

Atrophic lingual papillae and glossitis have these common deficiencies:

A

B2, B3, B9, and B12

58
Q

Glossitis is caused by a lack of B2, B3, B9, B12 and…

A

B6

59
Q

Atrophic lingual papillae is caused by a lack of B2, B3, B9, B12, _______ and _______.

A

protein, iron

60
Q

Systolic BP of 120-139 combined with diastolic 80-99 is:

A

Pre-HTN

61
Q

BP of 140/90 to 159/99 is:

A

Stage 1 HTN

62
Q

BP > 160/100 is:

A

Stage 2 HTN

Human Nutrition Comp Exam (31 decks)

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