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Pharmacology > 5.5 Fluids and Electrolytes > Flashcards

5.5 Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

___% of the adult body is water

A

60%

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2
Q

__% of the intracellular fluid is water

A

67%

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3
Q

__% of the Interstitial fluid is water

A

25%

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4
Q

__% of plasma is water

A

8%

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5
Q

Body functions that cause fluid loss include…

A

Bleeding
Diarrhea
Fever
Vomiting

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6
Q

When the quantity of fluid gained exceeds fluid loss

A

Edema

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7
Q

When the quantity of fluid lost exceeds fluid gained

A

Dehydration

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8
Q

Dehydration leads to…

A

Disturbance in balance between fluid in ECF and ICF compartments
Imbalance of electrolyte [ ]

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of dehydration can either be…

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

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10
Q

The 3 categories of IV solutions are…

A

Colloids
Crystalloids
Blood Products

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11
Q

5 examples of crystalloids include…

A

Normal Saline
Ringer’s Lactate
D5W
Plasma Lyte

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12
Q

Crystalloids function to…

A

Water and Na+ to maintain osmotic gradient between extra & intravascular compartments

Do not expand plasma fluid well – requires large initial quantities

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13
Q

Indications for crystalloids include…

A

maintenance flds, replace insensible loss, manage specific fld & electrolyte disturbance

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14
Q

Adverse effects of crystalloids include…

A

leaks out of plasma and into tissues causing peripheral and pulmonary edema

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15
Q

NaCl is used for…

A

used dependent on urgency of fluid replacement and Na+ loss

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16
Q

0.9% Normal Saline is (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)?

A

Isotonic

17
Q

0.45% Normal saline is (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)?

A

Hypotonic

18
Q

3% normal saline is (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)?

A

Hypertonic

19
Q

Examples of colloids include…

A

Dextran, Albumin, Pentaspan

20
Q

Colloids function to…

A

Increase colloid oncotic pressure

Move fluid from interstitial to plasma compartment

21
Q

Indications for colloids include…

A

superior plasma volume expander

22
Q

Contraindications for colloids include…

A

HF, anemia, hypervolemia

23
Q

Adverse effects of colloids include…

A

can alter coag times, decrease O2 carrying capacity

24
Q

Blood products function to…

A

O2 carrying resuscitation fluids
Increases plasma volume
Improves tissue oxygenation
Natural
Expensive
Increase Colloid osmotic pressure and Plasma Volume

25
Q

Indications for blood products function to…

A

Replace blood loss and clotting factors. To increase oxygen carrying capacity

26
Q

Side effects of blood products include…

A

transfusion reaction, anaphylaxis, transmission of pathogens

27
Q

Examples of blood products include…

A

Whole Blood

Packed Red Blood Cells: increase O2 carrying capacity without cardiac overload

Fresh Frozen Plasma: increase clotting factors levels

Plasma Protein Fraction: manage acute blood loss

28
Q

Symptoms of transufsion reaction include…

A

Febrile
Chills
Urticaria
Dyspnea
Hypotension/shock
Abnormal bleeding
Hemaglobinuria, oliguria, anuria
Jaundice
Chest pain, back pain, flank pain
Apprehension – feeling of uneasiness

29
Q

The most abundant electrolye is…

A

K+ potassium

30
Q

Potassium levels are maintained by which gland hormone?

A

Adrenal gland - aldosterone

31
Q

Potassium affects what bodily functions?

A

Affects muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, cardiac conduction, acid-base balance, etc.

32
Q

Hyperkalemia can be caused by…

A

K+ supplements
ACE inhibitors
Renal failure
Excessive cell loss
K+ diuretics
Trauma/Burns
Metabolic acidosis
hyperaldosteronism

33
Q

Hypokalemia can be caused by…

A

Alkalosis
Corticosteriods
Crash diets
Diarrhea
Ketoacidosis
Burns
Loop and thiazide diuretics
Vomiting
Malabsorption
Large amounts of licorice

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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