5.5 Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards
___% of the adult body is water
60%
__% of the intracellular fluid is water
67%
__% of the Interstitial fluid is water
25%
__% of plasma is water
8%
Body functions that cause fluid loss include…
Bleeding
Diarrhea
Fever
Vomiting
When the quantity of fluid gained exceeds fluid loss
Edema
When the quantity of fluid lost exceeds fluid gained
Dehydration
Dehydration leads to…
Disturbance in balance between fluid in ECF and ICF compartments
Imbalance of electrolyte [ ]
Signs and symptoms of dehydration can either be…
Mild
Moderate
Severe
The 3 categories of IV solutions are…
Colloids
Crystalloids
Blood Products
5 examples of crystalloids include…
Normal Saline
Ringer’s Lactate
D5W
Plasma Lyte
Crystalloids function to…
Water and Na+ to maintain osmotic gradient between extra & intravascular compartments
Do not expand plasma fluid well – requires large initial quantities
Indications for crystalloids include…
maintenance flds, replace insensible loss, manage specific fld & electrolyte disturbance
Adverse effects of crystalloids include…
leaks out of plasma and into tissues causing peripheral and pulmonary edema
NaCl is used for…
used dependent on urgency of fluid replacement and Na+ loss
0.9% Normal Saline is (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)?
Isotonic
0.45% Normal saline is (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)?
Hypotonic
3% normal saline is (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)?
Hypertonic
Examples of colloids include…
Dextran, Albumin, Pentaspan
Colloids function to…
Increase colloid oncotic pressure
Move fluid from interstitial to plasma compartment
Indications for colloids include…
superior plasma volume expander
Contraindications for colloids include…
HF, anemia, hypervolemia
Adverse effects of colloids include…
can alter coag times, decrease O2 carrying capacity
Blood products function to…
O2 carrying resuscitation fluids
Increases plasma volume
Improves tissue oxygenation
Natural
Expensive
Increase Colloid osmotic pressure and Plasma Volume
Indications for blood products function to…
Replace blood loss and clotting factors. To increase oxygen carrying capacity
Side effects of blood products include…
transfusion reaction, anaphylaxis, transmission of pathogens
Examples of blood products include…
Whole Blood
Packed Red Blood Cells: increase O2 carrying capacity without cardiac overload
Fresh Frozen Plasma: increase clotting factors levels
Plasma Protein Fraction: manage acute blood loss
Symptoms of transufsion reaction include…
Febrile
Chills
Urticaria
Dyspnea
Hypotension/shock
Abnormal bleeding
Hemaglobinuria, oliguria, anuria
Jaundice
Chest pain, back pain, flank pain
Apprehension – feeling of uneasiness
The most abundant electrolye is…
K+ potassium
Potassium levels are maintained by which gland hormone?
Adrenal gland - aldosterone
Potassium affects what bodily functions?
Affects muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, cardiac conduction, acid-base balance, etc.
Hyperkalemia can be caused by…
K+ supplements
ACE inhibitors
Renal failure
Excessive cell loss
K+ diuretics
Trauma/Burns
Metabolic acidosis
hyperaldosteronism
Hypokalemia can be caused by…
Alkalosis
Corticosteriods
Crash diets
Diarrhea
Ketoacidosis
Burns
Loop and thiazide diuretics
Vomiting
Malabsorption
Large amounts of licorice
