4.4 Nitrates Flashcards
The function of nitrates is…
Vasodilation of coronary arteries, although they dilate all blood vessels
2 types of nitrates include:
Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Nitrates are available in which forms?
- Sublingual, tablets, spray
- Oral capsules/tablets
- Intravenous solutions
- Ointments
- Transdermal patches, NTG patches (transdermal) varying doses 0.2-0.4 - 0.6-0.8mg/hr on/off 12 hours to reduce tolerance
- Buccal
Indications for the use of nitrates include…
- To reduce oxygen demand
- Coronary artery spasm
- Atherosclerosis
- Exercise induced constriction
The main contraindications for the use of nitrates are…
- Allergy
- severe anemia
- closed-angle glaucoma
- hypotension
- severe head injury
Isosorbide dinitrate is used for…
Acute relief of angina
Acute and Long-term prophylaxis
Side effects of isosorbide dinitrate include…
- Headache
- Tachycardia
- Postural hypotension
- Tolerance may develop
*Same as nitroglycerine
Nitroglycerine has a _____ first pass effect
Large
Nitroglycerine is used for…
- The symptomatic treatment of angina
- The control of BP postoperatively
- Other critical situations
Side effects of nitroglycerine include…
- Headache
- Tachycardia
- Postural hypotension
- Tolerance may develop
*Same as nitroglycerine
What is the proper technique for the sublingual application of nitroglycerine?
Never chew/swallow SL preparation
May experience burning sensation at SL site
Nitroglycerine has a ____ shelf life of about ___ months.
short, 3 months
Nitroglycerine should be stores under what conditions?
dark, airtight space
What is the proper technique for the transdermal application of nitroglycerine?
-Site rotation
- Removal and disposal of used medication
*remove HS and reapply in am (tolerance)
IV forms of nitroglycerine must be contained in
_____ IV bottles and must be given with infusion pumps
glass
